uRRcnu. 


TO  THE 

600!  or 

(UlERICfl 


BOOK  OP  THE 

CfUlP  FIRE  GIRLS 


PRICE  50  CENTS 


'n 


Return  this  book  on  or  before  the 
Latest  Date  stamped  below.  A 
charge  is  made  on  all  overdue 
books. 

University  of  Illinois  Library 


rtiD  —ji  ib 


JUN  2 s 


M32 


THE  BOOK  OF  THE 
CAMP  FIRE  GIRLS 


liTHC  LflU^ 

cnnp  rmc 

S8ekbeauti|Ljai 

Give  service 

RtrsueluHiute^i 

Betrustuorthtju 

KoU  ante  health 

Btorlft{iftirkmju 

Behap|ttjiULm> 


TH5  BOOK  OF  THE 
CAMP  FIRE  GIRLS 

WITH 

WAR  PROGRAM 


AND 

ILLUSTRATIONS 


NATIONAL  HEADQUARTERS 
461  FOURTH  AVENUE 
NEW  YORK  CITY 
1917 


COPYRIGHT 


THE  CAMP  FIRE  GIRLS,  INC. 

1917 

SIXTH  REVISED 
EDITION 


3 


THE  WHITE  HOUSE 

WASHINGTON 


19  April.  1917 


Uy  dear  Dr«  Gullok: 

I have  read  with  close  attention 
and  very  great  interest  your  telegram  of  April 
seventeenth  and  want  to  say  that  It  seems  to 
me  to  embody  an  admirable  programme*  1 hope 
that  it  will  be  carried  out  by  the  Gamp  Fire 
Girls,  and  I admire  very  much  the  spirit  in 
which  it  has  been  conoelved* 


Cordially  and  sincerely  yours. 


IHE  WAR  PROGRAM  OF  THE  CAMP 
FIRE  GIRLS 


The  Camp  Fire  Girls  in  94,458  homes  have  made  the  saving  of  food 
the  centre  of  their  activities  for  the  duration  of  the  war  in  accordance 
with  the  following  request  of  the  President  of  the  United  States 
in  his  address,  April  15th,  1917: 

“We  must  supply  abundant  food,  not  only  for  ourselves,  our 
armies,  and  our  seamen  but  also  for  a large  part  of  the  nations  with 
whom  we  have  now  made  common  cause. 

“Women  who  devote  their  thought  and  their  energy  to  these 
things  will  be  serving  the  country  and  conducting  the  light  for 
peace  and  freedom  just  as  truly  and  just  as  effectively  as  the  men 
on  the  battlefield  or  in  the  trenches. 

“Every  housewife  who  practices  strict  economy  puts  herself  in 
the  ranks  of  those  who  serve  the  nation.  This  is  the  time  for 
America  to  correct  her  unpardonable  fault  of  wastefulness  and 
extravagance.’* 

Note — The  general  program  and  organization  of  the  Camp  Fire 
Girls  will  be  found  beginning  on  page  4. 

New  York,  April  i8th,  1917. 
To  His  Excellency,  the  President  of  the  United  States: 

“The  Camp  Fire  Girls  of  America  have  adopted  your  recommenda* 
tions  and  have  embodied  them  in  a definite  program.  Subject  to 
your  approval  they  offer  this  program  to  all  the  girls  and  women  of 
America  for  the  duration  of  the  war.  A citizen  army  cannot  ‘spring 
to  arms.*  It  must  have  definite  aim?  and  organization.  This  is  not 
less  true  of  the  women.  This  program  aims  to  secure  such  definite- 
ness. 

“A  uniform  is  needed  just  as  much  by  the  women  as  it  is  by  the 
soldier  and  for  the  same  reasons.  We  propose  the  Minute  Girl  Uni- 
form, red  tie,  white  blouse,  blue  skirt,  white  navy  cap.  The  adoption 
of  this  uniform  by  the  women  will  save  America  over  a billion  dollars 


Vll 


War  Program 

a year.  It  should  be  worn  at  work  and  also  on  formal  occasions, 
namely  at  all  school  and  college  commencements.  The  money  so 
saved  should  be  given  to  the  American  Red  Cross. 

“Program: 

“Slogan:  Work  through  the  Homes. 

“ I — Pray  God  each  day  that  right  may  triumph,  and  for  strength 
and  wisdom  with  which  to  help. 

“2 — ^Walk  100  miles  a month  to  become  as  ‘hard’  as  a soldier  and  to 
save  money. 

“3 — Organize  in  groups  of  from  six  to  twenty  to  study  the  saving  of 
food  and  of  labor  in  the  homes. 

“4 — In  these  groups  cooperate  in  salvaging  the  waste  crops  near 
the  homes;  namely,  apples,  berries,  etc. 

“5 — All  who  can  do  so,  operate  gardens  in  accordance  with  the  in- 
structions from  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

“6 — Cooperate  with  the  American  Red  Cross  in  its  classes  and  in 
its  work. 

“ If  you  approve,  we  believe  that  millions  of  American  women  will 
cooperate,  each  working  through  her  own  organizations,  church, 
club,  college,  or  society. 

“Do  you  approve?  We  await  your  instructions. 

“Yours  for  94,445  Camp  Fire  Girls,  to  all  girls,  and  for  all  girls  and 
women  who  wish  to  work  through  their  homes  in  a definite  program 
to  help  secure  ‘the  rights  of  humanity’  and  ‘permanent  peace.’ 

“Luther  H.  Gulick.” 
President,  Camp  Fire  Girls.  . 

WAR  PROGRAM 

Luther  Gulick. 

Save  Food. 

Girls  and  women  stand  at  the  point  of  greatest  need  and  national 
peril.  They  handle  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  food.  We  have  men 
enough.  We  have  money  enough,  but  we  are  not  going  to  have  enough 
food.  We  cannot  materially  increase  our  food  production  because  so 
many  of  our  laborers  will  be  taken  for  the  army  or  needed  in  munition 
works.  Gardening  is  valuable,  but  it  cannot  greatly  affect  the  total 
food  supply. 


Vlll 


War  Program 

This  war,  then,  pivots  on  the  American  girls  and  women  who  work 
in  the  homes.  Conservative  estimates  show  that  by  stopping  waste 
we  can  save  enough  to  feed  eighty  million  people. 

If  the  girls  and  women  will  save  but  one  cent’s  worth  of  food  a 
day  for  each  person,  this  means  one  million  dollars’  worth  of  food  a 
day. 

Patriotic  Food  Honors,  i.  Use  at  least  as  much  corn  as  you  do 
wheat  products. 

2.  Invent  a new  corn  bread  or  pudding,  etc.,  and  have  the  family 
eat  it  twenty  times  in  three  months. 

3.  Make  three  different  corn  recipes  sufficiently  popular  to  be  each 
used  once  a week. 

4.  Do  not  eat  meat  or  eggs  more  than  once  a day. 

5.  Eat  everything  edible  on  the  plate. 

6.  Have  not  more  than  two  courses  at  regular  meals. 

7.  Use  a fireless  cooker  twenty-five  times  in  each  month. 

8.  Do  your  marketing  personally,  not  by  telephone,  except  in 
emergencies. 

9.  Work  in  a vegetable  garden  on  the  average  of  three  hours  a 
week. 

10.  Preserve  enough  of  any  fruit  or  berries  for  the  family  for  the 
winter. 

11.  Preserve  enough  of  any  one  vegetable  for  the  use  of  the  family 
for  the  winter  such  as  corn,  beans,  peas,  tomatoes. 

12.  Do  not  throw  away  any  bread  or  other  wheat  products. 

13.  Scrape  all  mixing  bowls  and  food  dishes  clean  with  a spatula. 

14.  Throw  away  no  bones  until  you  have  used  them  for  soup. 
Add  to  your  soup  stock  every  available  remnant  of  food. 

15.  Throw  away  no  fat. 

16.  Before  disposing  of  any  waste,  carefully  inspect  the  contents  of 
all  baskets  and  pails  to  see  that  nothing  edible  is  thrown  away. 

Note — An  elective  Patriotic  Honor  will  be  awarded  to  any  girl 
for  each  of  the  above  honors  that  she  has  personally  carried  out 
for  three  months. 

Candidates  for  the  rank  of  Torch  Bearer,  by  leading  their  families 
to  adopt  any  five  of  the  Patriotic  Food  Honors  for  three  months, 


Outdoor  Canning 


Camp  Fire  Guardian  showing  her  girls  how  to  take 
caterpillars  from  fruit  trees 


A group  of  Minute  Girls  preparing  land  for  planting 


Caring  for  the  calves 


Ready  for  farm  work 


Camp  Fire  Girls  gathering  fruit  for  canning 


Camp  Fire  (iirls  canning  the  fruit  they  have  gathered 


War  Program  ix 

may  substitute  this  method  of  becoming  a Guide  for  Requirement 
5,  page  27. 

Suggestions  for  Saving  Labor,  i.  Use  paper  napkins. 

2.  Wipe  dishes  with  napkins  before  washing. 

3.  Use  fireless  cooker. 

The  task  before  America  is  to  secure  active  cooperation  among  the 
girls  and  women  who  handle  the  food  in  our  twenty  million  homes. 
This  is  more  difficult  to  do  than  to  raise  an  army,  for  women  do  not 
naturally  feel  the  esprit  de  corps  and  inspiration  to  be  gained  from 
marching  together  and  from  receiving  the  recognition  and  acclamation 
of  the  public.  Results  can  only  be  secured  through  arousing  a powers 
ful  patriotic  sentiment.  Develop  the  idea  of  enlistment  for  service 
in  this  field  of  greatest  need  in  this  war. 

Minute  Girl  Program 

Slogan:  “Save  Food.”  “Work  through  your  homes.” 

Every  Day.  Pray  God  for  the  triumph  of  right  and  that  you  may 
have  capable  heads,  hands,  and  feet,  and  unselfish,  loving  hearts. 
Walk,  not  ride,  to  school  or  work.  Keep  clean  outside  and  inside 
every  day.  Sleep  more  than  63  hours  a week  if  you  are  under  16; 
more  than  56  if  you  are  over  16.  Carry  out  the  program  of  saving 
food  and  money. 

Each  Week.  Hike  so  as  to  bring  your  total  up  to  35  miles  a week 
for  three  weeks  a month — 100  miles  in  the  month.  On  each  hike — 
learn  one  new  way  to  save  food;  one  new  way  to  save  money;  one 
new  way  to  handle  an  emergency.  Sing  “America,”  “Star  Spangled 
Banner,”  and  “Dixie.” 

Each  Month.  Have  a Council  Fire  where  the  events  of  the 
month  are  reviewed,  savings  and  earnings  tallied,  general  plans  for 
the  next  month  outlined,  e.  g.,  making  surgical  dressings,  caring  for 
orphaned  baby,  etc. 

Each  Summer.  All  who  can  will  have  gardens,  chickens,  or  a pig; 
will  salvage  adjacent  crops  of  apples,  berries,  etc.;  will  preserve  the 


X War  Program 

product;  will  go  camping  for  not  less  than  a week,  and  will  endure 
some  real  hardship. 

Team  Work.  Girls  and  women  can  no  more  meet  this  food  situa- 
tion by  each  one  doing  her  best  individually  than  men  can  meet  the 
war  situation  by  each  one  “springing  to  arms”  and  fighting  individ- 
ually. We  cannot  get  real  results  without  big  organization  and  a 
definite  program.  Each  one  must  feel  that  she  belongs  to  the  army, 
wears  the  colors,  obeys  the  orders,  sees  progress,  reports  results,  and 
feels  that  she  is  in  line  touching  elbows  with  others  who  are  also 
serving.  Organize,  therefore,  a group  of  from  six  to  twenty  who  live 
near  enough  together  that  they  can  cooperate  in  this  nation-wide 
piece  of  team  work — the  greatest  piece  of  team  work  ever  attempted 
by  girls  and  women. 

How  to  Enlist,  i.  Get  from  six  to  twenty  girls  over  twelve 
years  old  who  live  near  together. 

2.  Let  each  girl  get  a copy  of  the  Manual  and  study  it. 

3.  Find  one  of  the  mothers,  teachers,  or  other  women  over  eighteen 
who  will  be  the  Guardian. 

4.  Get  her  to  fill  out  the  enlistment  blank  which  all  the  girls  have 
signed. 

5.  Mail  this  with  one  dollar  to  the  Camp  Fire  Girls,  461  Fourth 
Avenue,  New  York  City.  This  will  pay  for  the  Charter,  Guardian’s 
authorization,  and  Wohelo. 

6.  Your  work  counts  from  the  date  on  which  the  complete  applica- 
tion and  fee  are  received  at  headquarters. 

7.  Annual  dues  to  the  National  work  are  “a  cent  a week”  from  the 
members.  (See  page  107.) 

Women’s  Patriotic  Service  Uniform.  The  greatest  single  thing 
that  the  women  of  America  can  do  to  help  win  this  war  for  the  safety 
of  democracy  and  for  permanent  peace  is  to  adopt  the  patriotic 
uniform  of  the  Minute  Girls.  This  is  the  first  time  in  the  world’s 
history  that  women  are  needed  in  war  as  much  as  men  are  needed. 
The  enlistment  of  women  to  save  money,  to  increase  food;  to  make 
munitions,  and  to  carry  on  the  work  of  the  men  is  as  important  as  the 
work  of  the  men  in  the  trenches  or  on  battleships. 


XI 


War  Program 

There  is  no  army  in  the  world  but  what  has  its  uniform.  When  a 
man  puts  on  the  soldier's  uniform,  he  accepts  the  fact  that  he  has  laid 
aside  his  civilian  clothes  and  with  them  his  civilian  responsibilities 
and  relationships.  He  is  no  longer  John  Smith,  the  electrician  or 
butcher,  the  car  driver  or  bank  clerk,  he  is  one  of  the  team  that  is 
engaged  for  life  or  for  death  in  a single  service.  He  has  laid  aside  his 
selfishness;  he  has  laid  aside  all  those  distinctions  which  separate  him 
from  other  people,  and  gives  himself  wholly  and  unreservedly.  He 
is  not  even  primarily  a son,  father,  or  husband.  The  community 
recognizes  this,  and  a man  in  the  uniform  is  free  from  various  social 
obligations  and  from  all  sorts  of  ties.  His  devotion  to  the  one  thing 
has  freed  him  by  that  very  fact  from  the  multitude  of  entanglements 
which  fritter  away  our  daily  lives.  In  this  epoch-making  time  in  the 
world's  history,  it  is  exactly  this  consecration  and  devotion  that  the 
women  need  to  symbolize. 

Women  need  the  uniform  just  as  much  as  the  men  need  it  and  for 
the  same  reasons.  Women  are  as  devoted  as  men  are,  but  at  present 
there  is  no  way  to  render  such  devotion  visible  and  objective.  It 
needs  to  be  dramatized  just  as  the  army  is  dramatized  before  our 
eyes  so  as  to  enable  our  souls  to  realize  the  essence  of  the  spirit  and 
the  entity  which  is  that  of  service. 

The  Camp  Fire  Girls  have  adopted  their  Minute  Girl  uniform  for 
these  reasons,  and  they  offer  this  uniform  to  all  the  girls  and  women 
of  America  to  wear  as  they  wear  it,  with  the  spirit  and  the  facts  of 
devoted  service  to  our  cause.  We  hope  that  every  one  who  wears  this 
uniform  will,  in  placing  it  upon  herself,  enter  into  the  spirit  which 
unites  us  in  the  service  of  our  Country  at  this  time. 

The  colors  of  the  patriotic  uniform  are  red,  white,  and  blue — red 
tie,  white  hat  and  blouse,  blue  skirt  and  bloomers;  the  blouse  and 
bloomers  are  already  owned  by  most  of  the  college  and  high  school 
girls  of  America.  The  addition  of  the  red  tie  makes  the  patriotic 
uniform  of  it.  We  have  adopted  it  because  it  has  the  national  colors, 
because  so  many  girls  already  own  it,  and  because  it  is  very  durable, 
inexpensive,  effective,  convenient,  and  comfortable.  Hat,  50c.; 
middy,  ^i.oo;  tie  500.-^1.25;  skirt,  $3.00-^5.00;  bloomers,  $3.oo-$5.oo. 

The  general  adoption  of  this  uniform  by  women  would  do  more  to 
promote  the  spirit  of  democracy  than  anything  that  has  ever  been 


XU 


War  Program 

done.  It  IS  the  dress  of  the  women  that  fills  our  eyes.  If  women  were 
dressed  alike  so  as  to  obliterate  the  wealth  distinctions,  and  to  obliter- 
ate the  social  distinctions  for  the  period  of  the  war,  we  should  have 
the  most  marvelous  new  sense  of  devotion.  Although  it  has,  in  a 
sense,  been  one  of  woman’s  primary  needs  to  decorate  herself,  to  make 
herself  to  be  different  from  other  women,  to  emphasize  her  own  per- 
sonality and  charm,  during  these  days  of  war,  the  women  as  well 
as  the  men  need  to  minimize  the  things  that  separate  and  distinguish 
them  from  each  other  and  to  unite  in  this  great  democracy  which  we 
trust  will  be  the  great  democracy  of  the  world  to  be. 

This  patriotic  uniform  might  well  be  used  at  the  Commencements 
of  all  schools  for  girls  and  women.  It  would  unite  all  these  insti- 
tutions in  a common  thought  and  a common  purpose.  It  would 
emphasize  patriotism  and  service.  The  money  saved  on  Com- 
mencement gowns  might  well  be  given  to  relief  work.  What  better 
example  could  our  institutions  of  higher  learning  set  than  to  take  a 
matter  of  such  universal  importance  as  dress  and  lead  the  way  to  so 
using  it  as  to  serve  one’s  country,  reduce  expenses,  and  increase  efii- 
ciency?  Each  girl  would  go  to  her  home  with  deeper  love  and  devo- 
tion to  her  country  than  ever  before.  It  would  be  to  her  and  to  her 
friends  an  ever  present  sign  of  “ Serve  America.” 

We  invite  all  girls  to  unite  with  us  in  wearing  this  uniform — asking 
only  that  it  stand  for  reverent,  devoted,  patriotic  service.  Girls  and 
women  in  churches,  clubs,  colleges,  schools,  are  invited  to  use  the 
program  and  uniform  in  their  own  organizations. 

The  general  adoption  of  this  woman’s  patriotic  service  uniform 
would  be  the  most  world-compelling  of  anything  the  women  of  any 
nation  or  at  any  time  have  ever  done.  It  would  do  more  to  unify 
America  and  to  make  one  spirit  and  one  devotion  than  anything 
else,  for  it  would  daily  dramatize  service  and  devotion  before  our 
eyes. 

Prayer.  Prayer  lessens  worry.  Prayer  improves  one’s  health. 
Prayer  strengthens  one’s  purpose,  deepens  desire,  and  helps  to  hold 
one  true. 

Pray  every  day.  Pray  for  devotion,  for  wisdom;  pray  for  America; 
pray  that  you  may  be  helped  to  resist  whatever  are  your  own  special 


Xlll 


War  Program 

temptations;  pray  that  your  relations  to  some  one  person  may  become 
sweeter  and  stronger  each  day. 

Pray,  and  get  the  girls  to  pray.  If  there  ever  was  a time  for  prayer 
it  is  now. 


Walk.  To  be  healthy  is  the  first  qualification  for  usefulness  and 
service.  Each  one  needs  at  least  an  hour  and  a half  of  outdoor  exercise 
daily.  The  soldier  takes  more  than  this.  Walking  is  for  most  people 
the  best  and  easiest  way  to  get  exercise.  Any  kind  of  outdoor  work 
is  just  as  good.  Count  five  miles  of  walking  and  an  hour  and  a half 
of  outdoor  exercise  or  work  as  equivalent.  If  it  takes  you  half  an 
hour  to  ride  to  school  or  work,  you  can  probably  walk  it  in  forty-five 
minutes.  In  this  way,  by  taking  an  extra  half  hour  each  day,  the 
five  miles  can  be  covered.  Every  girl  should  be  as  ‘‘hard  as  nails^’ 
if  she  is  really  going  to  amount  to  much. 

For  information  on  how  to  care  for  the  feet,  shoes,  stockings,  blisters, 
etc.,  see  p.  99. 

Hike.  The  weekly  hike  is  of  the  utmost  importance.  It  is  the 
key  to  team  work.  The  hike  is  an  organized  walk.  There  must  be 
several  people  to  make  it  a hike.  The  work  must  be  divided  up. 
Each  person  is  to  be  responsible  for  certain  definite  things.  Re- 
sponsibility for  each  part  of  the  lunch  must  be  definitely  assigned, 
such  as  planning,  carrying  the  food,  deciding  where  to  eat,  making  the 
fire,  setting  the  table,  clearing  up,  getting  water,  etc.  You  must  have 
a cheer-leader,  your  colors,  songs,  records  and,  in  addition,  those 
who  are  responsible  for  the  lesson  on  foods  and  the  practice  of  First 
Aid.  The  distance  walked  on  the  hike  should  be  carefully  planned. 
At  first,  short  hikes  of  from  three  to  five  miles  are  enough.  After 
three  months,  eight  miles  each  way  should  not  be  too  much.  The 
totals  for  the  week  should  be  not  less  than  35  miles.  One  hundred 
miles  each  month  is  a good  average. 

Home  Economy.  On  each  hike  you  are  to  study  some  way  of 
saving  food  or  labor — for  example: 

I.  On  the  first  walk  include  a cheese  sandwich  in  the  diet  and  dis- 
cuss the  place  of  cottage  cheese,  peas,  and  beans  with  reference  to  re- 
placing meat. 


XIV 


War  Program 

2.  On  the  second  hike  consider  the  starches — bananas,  rice,  and 
spaghetti  as  substitutes  for  potatoes. 

3.  On  the  third  hike  discuss  whole  wneat,  bran,  bulk. 

4.  On  the  fourth  trip  discuss  the  proper  use  of  candy,  the  effects 
of  eating  candy  between  meals,  the  money  which  might  be  used  in 
other  ways  than  in  buying  candy,  chewing  gum,  etc.  The  place  of 
sugar  in  the  dietary. 

5.  On  the  fifth  hike  have  broiled  bacon  and  discuss  the  nature  and 
place  of  fats  in  a diet. 

Saving  Money.  Money  slips  away  in  driblets  so  that  we  do  not 
notice  it.  Many  people  spend  a nickel  for  candy  or  car  fare  without 
thinking,  and  yet  they  do  not  dream  that  they  are  spending  $18.25 
for  candy  in  a year.  Five  cents  a day  for  a year  is  $18.25.  Many 
people  have  no  money  to  give  away,  but  they  spend  several  nickels 
every  day  unnecessarily.  If  every  time  you  think  of  buying  candy, 
soda,  chewing  gum,  or  of  riding  unnecessarily  on  the  trolley,  you 
put  the  nickel  away  for  your  philanthropy  fund,  you  will  be  surprised 
how  fast  it  will  accumulate.  Do  not  spend  or  give  away  money  that 
you  do  not  have.  Pledges  to  give  or  to  pay  are  very  troublesome. 
When  you  give  money  that  has  been  previously  pledged,  most  of  the 
happiness  has  gone  out  of  the  giving.  Save  the  money,  then  give  it! 

When  many  people  work  together  for  a long  time,  the  results  are 
almost  incredible.  Thousands  of  Camp  Fire  Girls  have  paid  for  their 
summer  camping  by  saving  a little  at  a time.  A Camp  Fire  has  twelve 
members.  Each  member  earns  or  saves  a nickel  a day  for  the  year — 
six  days  a week  (6  times  52)  = 312  days.  312  times  5c.  = $15.60 
times  12  = $187.20  for  the  year.  Then  suppose  the  Camp  Fire  had 
a cake  sale  bringing  in  $22  and  canned  and  sold  $30  worth  of  fruit 
and  berries — $187.20  plus  $22  plus  $30  = $239.20. 


Amount $239.20 

Out  of  this  they  paid  the  dues $6.00 

Supported  a baby  with  its  mother  at  $3  a week ...  156.00 

Went  camping  one  week 60.00  222.00 


$17.20 


XV 


War  Program 

They  start  next  year  with  ^ 17.20  in  the  treasury.  Many  Camp 
Fires  have  done  better  than  this. 

First  Aid.  Every  girl  should  know  how  to  meet  the  common 
emergencies  of  daily  life.  On  each  hike  one  should  be  practiced. 
Here  are  suggestions. 

On  one  walk  discuss  blistered  feet.  Show  how  to  treat  a blister 
so  that  it  will  not  get  infected.  Let  each  girl  insert  the  fire-disin- 
fected needle  under  the  skin  on  her  own  foot.  Show  how  to  use  sur- 
geon’s plaster.  Talk  about  how  much  a blister  interferes  with  use- 
fulness and  pleasure;  what  causes  blisters;  what  kind  of  shoes  and 
stockings  to  wear,  etc.  On  another  walk  take  up  sprained  ankles  and 
treat  this  subject  similarly.  Another  time  take  up  the  care  of  an 
exhausted  person.  How  will  you  help  her  walk  ? What  will  you  feed 
her  first?  etc.  One  time  take  up  burning,  burns,  and  sunburns,  etc. 

Clean  Inside  and  Outside.  Failure  to  keep  clean  inside  is 
responsible  for  more  headaches,  ‘‘blues,”  and  worry  than  is  any  other 
one  thing.  Constipation  means  that  you  are  keeping  waste  in  the 
body  that  does  you  harm.  Constipation  is  to  by  cured  by  eating  many 
vegetables  and  fruits,  drinking  water,  and  by  eating  three  bran  bis- 
cuits a day. 

Fine  people  seem  to  have  fine  skin.  This  means  not  only  that  they 
keep  dirt  off  it,  but  that  the  skin  is  kept  responsive  to  the  world  by 
contact  with  hot  and  cold  water,  cold  air,  rubbing  with  a brush  or  the 
harnl.  The  skin  marks  the  border  of  personality.  Fineness  of  feeling 
begins  with  the  skin.  Keep  clean  inside  and  outside  each  day  if  you 
wish  to  be  your  own  best  self. 

Sleep.  American  women  are  far  more  apt  to  fail  in  their  endeavors 
because  they  have  not  health  enough  than  because  they  have  not 
enough  ability  or  education.  People  who  are  chronically  tired,  blue, 
and  worried  have  to  be  helped  constantly.  They  are  a drag  on  every- 
body. Sleep  is  the  rest  process.  There  is  no  danger  that  a girl  in 
the  teens  can  sleep  too  much.  There  is  lots  of  danger  of  her  not 
sleeping  enough.  The  point  is  not  that  she  shall  escape  breaking 
down  but  that  she  shall  be  just  as  well  as  possible  and  so  build  up  a 
constitution  that  will  enable  her  to  work  hard  and  joyously  all  her  life. 


XVI 


War  Program 

We  have  learned  recently  that  girls  who  are  established  solidly 
in  their  monthly  function  during  the  years  from  12  to  20  are  not  de- 
pressed or  incapacitated  by  their  periods  during  the  remainder  of  their 
lives.  That  is,  women  who  are  as  well  as  possible  during  the  teens 
have  just  as  dependable  working  ability  throughout  the  month  as 
men  have.  We  have  always  thought  that  monthly  suffering  was  a 
penalty  that  women  had  to  pay.  We  know  now  that  it  is  a penalty 
that  those  have  to  pay  who  are  not  firmly  established  during  their 
teens. 

The  working  power  of  a woman  all  her  life  is  largely  determined 
by  how  healthy  and  well  she  is  from  12  to  20.  There  is  nothing  that 
a girl  can  get  in  school  or  college  that  will  make  up  for  the  loss  of  any 
part  of  health  and  power.  It  is  brave  to  be  happy  though  an  invalid, 
but  real  big  living  demands  health,  power,  reserve.  Every  girl  should, 
therefore,  walk  a hundred  miles  each  month,  keep  clean  outside  and 
inside  each  day,  and  sleep  more  than  63  hours  each  week. 

Sing.  Each  Camp  Fire  should  sing  together  enough  so  that  the 
girls  can  sing  as  one.  Have  your  own  original  songs  and  cheers. 
There  is  hardly  anything  that  binds  people  together  more  than  singing 
together.  Learn  to  sing  unhesitatingly  “America,”  “The  Star 
Spangled  Banner,”  and  “Dixie.” 

Council  Fire.  Each  month  have  your  Council  Fire.  The  general 
instructions  governing  Council  Fires  will  be  carried  out,  but  with  such 
modifications  as  the  special  conditions  may  render  advisable.  The 
object  of  the  Council  Fire  is  to  outline  the  work  of  the  month.  Get 
reports  from  each  of  the  girls,  award  honors,  sing  patriotic  songs,  and 
plan  in  detail  the  work  of  the  next  month.  See  page  68. 

The  Guardian  should,  each  month,  select  honors  from  the  Elective 
Honors  (see  p.  31)  which  the  girls  might  well  work  for  during  the  next 
month. 

Council  Fire  Prayer.  The  Guardian  may  read  this  prayer 
slowly — one  line  at  a time,  the  girls  repeating  it  after  her.  When  it 
has  been  memorized,  it  should  be  repeated  in  unison — all  standing. 

Our  Father,  we  pray  Thee  to  make  us  stronger  and  more  in 

earnest  each  day.  We  pray  Thee  that  we  may  do  better  and  better 


Charlotte  V.  Gulick  (Hiiteni)  Founder  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls 


Unloading  the  baby  kits  at  National  Headquarters 


Birthday  bundles  made  by  the  Camp  Fire  .Girls 
[for  Belgian  babies 


War  Program  xvii 

what  Thou  hast  given  us  to  do.  Help  each  one  of  us  to  conquer 
our  particular  failings,  that  Thou  mayest  work  more  fully  through 
us.  We  thank  Thee  that  Thou  dost  allow  us  to  work  with  Thee. 
We  desire  to  know  Thee  better  and  to  love  Thee  more.  Father 
keep  us.  Amen. 

Camping.  Plan  to  go  camping  even  if  it  is  only  for  a week  and  in 
your  own  back  yard.  The  night  has  lessons  for  us  that  do  not  come 
during  the  daytime.  Sometimes  it  seems  that  the  stars  say  things  to 
us.  The  gentle  whispering  of  the  leaves  is  different  at  night.  Night 
silences  speak  as  day  silences  do  not.  Sitting  around  the  fire  at  night 
quietly  thinking,  occasionally  speaking,  bands  people  together  into 
the  great  tissue  of  life  in  a marvelous  way. 

After  a ten-mile  hike — come  back  to  your  own  yard  and  cook  the 
simple  meal  with  the  girls  around  the  open  fire.  It  will  be  a new 
world  to  you — a new  physical  world,  a new  spiritual  world. 

Face  the  hardships!  Don’t  try  to  make  them  too  easy.  Sleep  on 
the  ground.  You  will  lie  awake  learning.  Learning  is  what  life  is 
for.  Of  course,  you  can  get  into  your  house  if  it  rains,  but  don’t. 
Learn  how  to  fight  it  out  with  big  fires,  blankets,  shelters,  also  with 
singing  and  joyous  mastery.  The  girls  will  revel  in  it  and  never 
forget  it.  There  is  no  use  in  being  soft  in  body  or  fearsome  in  mind. 

In  many  ways  it  is  better  to  camp  in  some  farmer’s  field  or  grove, 
than  in  deserted  places,  for  then  you  will  have  protection — only  select 
your  farmer.  Don’t  spend  much  money — save  money  by  camping 
out. 

Get  the  Vacation  Book  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls  (price  25c.).  This 
tells  about  tents  (which  you  will  not  need  if  you  camp  in  the  yard) ; 
blankets  which  you  will  need  no  matter  how  hot  it  is;  ponchos;  ex- 
penses; outdoor  cooking;  menus;  equipment;  accidents;  hand  work 
for  camp;  description  of  a college  girl’s  week-end;  and  lots  of  good 
pictures. 

Salvaging  Crops.  Near  a great  many  Camp  Fire  Girls’  homes 
there  are  valuable  crops  of  apples,  cherries,  red  raspberries,  straw- 
berries, and  other  fruit  that  will  go  to  waste  this  year  because  there 
will  be  no  one  to  gather  them.  Apples  and  cherries  can  sometimes  be 
had  for  the  asking.  Strawberries  can  be  gathered  on  shares.  Blue- 


xviii  War  Program 

berries,  blackberries,  and  huckleberries  are  usually  for  any  who  will 
pick. 

If  apples  are  sound,  they  can  be  packed  in  barrels  for  use  later. 
If  not  sound  or  hard,  they  can  be  made  into  apple  sauce  or  apple 
butter,  or  canned  and  kept  for  winter  use.  The  Camp  Fire  should 
work  together  in  doing  all  this  work. 

It  is  possible  for  most  Camp  Fire  Girls  to  provide  the  family  with 
canned  fruit  for  most  of  the  winter.  If  there  are  no  crops  needing  to 
be  salvaged  near  your  own  home,  it  may  be  possible  to  camp  for  a 
week  or  two  where  you  know  the  people  who  have  such  crops. 

Gardens,  Chickens,  Pigs.  Many  Camp  Fires  are  so  situated  that 
they  can  have  vegetable  gardens,  keep  chickens  or  a pig;  do  good  work 
on  a small  piece  of  ground;  raise  vegetables  that  really  count.  Be 
sure  to  get  directions  from  those  who  know  how. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  is  furnishing  instructions  for  canned 
fruit  and  vegetables.  The  Camp  Fire  can  do  together  what  none  of 
the  girls  can  do  alone.  The  Camp  Fire  GirFs  Magazine,  Wohelo,’* 
will  furnish  particulars  on  carrying  out  the  above  program. 


THE  BOOK  OF  THE 
CAMP  FIRE  GIRLS 


CHAPTER  I 

IN  GENERAL 

Camp  Fire  is  an  organized  effort  to  find  romance,  beauty,  and  adven- 
ture in  every-day  life.  It  seeks  to  make  the  homely  task  contribute 
to  the  joy  of  every-day  living. 

Camp  Fire  girls  learn  to  share— to  work  together.  Mothers  and 
daughters  are  helped  to  a better  understanding  of  each  other  through 
the  sharing,  not  only  of  the  task,  but  of  the  interest,  by  working 
together.  Boys  and  girls  find  wholesome,  interesting  things  to  do 
together,  and  girls  learn  the  spirit  of  team  work  and  fellowship  with 
each  other.  t 

Camp  Fire  seeks  to  develop  the  home  spirit,  and  make  it  dominate 
the  life  of  the  entire  community.  For  this  reason  its  ranks  should 
be  recruited  from  those  who  belong  to  the  same  social  group,  and 
who  have  the  ability  to  do  and  to  help,  rather  than  from  those  who 
need  help.  It  is  an  organized  band  of  girls,  rather  than  a mission  to 
them. 

Camp  Fire  presents  many  phases.  To  some  it  represents  the  social 
life,  to  others  the  life  of  the  great  outdoors.  Then  again,  there  are 
those  to  whom  the  ritual  and  ceremony  make  the  strongest  appeal. 
Some  consider  it  a channel  for  personal  and  community  service. 
Yet,  all  the  girls  find  through  Camp  Fire  the  romance  and  adventure 
of  the  life  in  the  home. 

In  obeying  the  Law  of  Camp  Fire,  a girl  develops  in  her  spiritual 
life  as  well  as  in  her  body  and  mind.  When  others  see  how  the 
Camp  Fire  girls  are  giving  community  and  personal  service,  they 
realize  that  the  ideals  of  Camp  Fire  are  beautiful  because  they  are 
unselfish — babies  have  been  cared  for,  thousands  of  baby  kits  made, 
and  many  other  services  of  love  have  been  given. 

Perhaps  it  can  all  be  summed  up  by  saying  that  Camp  Fire  Girls 
is  an  organization  made  up  of  groups  of  girls  who  want  to  make  life 
just  as  splendid  as  is  possible.  They  are  seeking  to  develop  the  spirit 
of  the  home  so  that  it  will  influence  the  entire  community.  It  is 
an  army  of  girls  who  do  things. 


4 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

Organization.  Each  separate  group  is  called  a Camp  Fire.  The 
leader,  who  must  be  at  least  eighteen  years  old,  is  called  the  Guardian 
of  the  Fire.  Each  Camp  Fire  must  have  at  least  six  members,  and 
not  more  than  twenty.  Only  girls  over  twelve  years  of  age  are  eligible 
for  membership. 

The  best  results  are  generally  secured  in  a community  where  the 
work  is  organized  first  among  the  older  girls  (fifteen  to  eighteen); 
otherwise  it  becomes  known  as  a little  girls’  organization.  In  any 
school  or  community  the  most  representative  girls  should  start  first, 
for  they  will  establish  the  work  on  a stronger  basis  than  it  would 
otherwise  be  done.  A Camp  Fire  should  be  made  up  of  girls  who 
naturally  go  together,  whose  homes  are  near  each  other,  who  are  about 
the  same  age  and  are  friends.  Guardians  and  girls  should  be  those 
who  naturally  associate  with  each  other.  Moth^s  are  especially 
urged  to  become  Guardians.  Even  a very  busy  mother  can  do  this 
by  appointing  assistants  among  the  older  girls  of  the  Camp  Fire 
while  she  is  herself  the  inspiration  and  adviser. 

Appointment  of  Guardians.  Each  Guardian  must  be  appointed 
by  National  Headquarters.  (Nahequa.  See  page  io6.) 

Charter.  Each  Camp  Fire  receives  a Charter  (see  page  io6),  and 
pays  its  share  of  the  expenses  of  the  National  Headquarters. 

Self-Support.  Each  member  of  the  "Camp  Fire  earns  and  pays 
fifty  cents  a year,  as  dues,  to  the  National  organization.  This  pays 
for  rent,  printing,  stationery,  correspondence  (about  two  hundred 
letters  a day),  and  the  salaries  of  about  thirty  persons  who  spend 
their  entire  time  at  Headquarters  in  the  work  necessary  to  keep  to- 
gether so  large  an  organization. 

The  cost  of  running  each  Camp  Fire  depends  very  largely  on  how 
much  the  girls  do,  and  want  to  do.  One  summer,  special  count  was 
made  of  how  many  girls  went  camping  that  season,  and  the  number 
was  found  to  be  over  thirty-three  thousand.  These  girls  met  their 
own  expenses  with  money  they  had  earned  as  groups.  One  of  the 
important  tasks  of  a Guardian  is  to  teach  the  girls  how  to  earn  money 
for  their  Camp  Fire  expenses.  The  gids  are  urged  not  to  ask  theh 


In  General  5 

parents  for  money  for  this  purpose.  They  restrict  their  expenditures 
to  those  amounts  which  they  themselves  earn. 

Ranks  and  Symbols.  The  Camp  Fire  Girls  have  three  ranks: 
Wood  Gatherer  (p.  20),  Fire  Maker  (p.  22),  and  Torch  Bearer  (p.  27). 
Each  rank  has  its  special  emblem  which  should  be  worn  on  the  right 
sleeve.  (See  page  19;  illustration.) 

The  badge  of  the  Wood  Gatherer  is  the  fagot  ring,  which  is  given 
by  the  National  Board  without  cost  to  each  girl  when  she  becomes  a 
Wood  Gatherer.  The  badge  of  the  Fire  Maker  is  a silver  bracelet, 
and  that  of  the  Torch  Bearer,  the  Torch  Bearer’s  pin. 

Each  Camp  Fire,  as  well  as  each  Camp  Fire  Girl,  has  a special  name 
and  symbol  (p.  125). 

Meetings.  Ceremonial  meetings  are  held  monthly.  At  summer 
camps  they  should  be  held  weekly.  At  these  meetings  a ritual  is 
used  (p.  68),  the  Count  is  read  (p.  71),  Honors  are  awarded  (p.  72). 
ranks  are  conferred  (p.  73)»  and  new  members  are  received  (p.  72). 

Weekly  meetings  are  held  to  help  the  girls  to  formulate  their  daily 
work  and  to  teach  them  new  activities  in  the  winning  of  their  honors, 
and  in  keeping  and  illustrating  the  Count  Book.  Often  these  meet- 
ings are  held  in  conjunction  with  a hike  and  the  study  of  nature 
lore  (p>  46). 

Honors.  Honors  are  awarded  to  Camp  Fire  Girls  in  recognition 
of  attainment.  They  are  symbolized  by  distinctively  colored  beads 
which  have  been  selected  by  the  National  Board  for  their  simplicity 
and  suitability  for  decoration.  The  Honors  are  divided  into  four 
groups,  as  follows: 

(1)  Required  Honors.  These  are  attainments  which  are  re- 
quired before  a girl  may  become  a Wood  Gatherer,  Fire  Maker, 
or  Torch  Bearer.  Such  attainments  are  indicated  by  purple  beads 

(p-  31)- 

(2)  Elective  Honors.  These  form  the  basis  of  Camp  Fire  work, 
and  are  divided  into  seven  groups:  Home  Craft,  Health  Craft,  Camp 
Craft,  Hand  Craft,  Nature  Lore,  Business,  and  Patriotism.  Honors 
won  in  these  crafts  count  toward  the  three  ranks  (p.  32). 


6 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

(3)  Big  Honors.  These  may  be  won  by  any  Fire  Maker  over  four- 
teen years  of  age  in  any  of  the  Elective  Honor  group  (p.  31). 

(4)  Local  Honors.  Honors  for  special  cases  (p.  32). 

Symbolism.  When  we  try  to  put  our  deepest  thoughts  into  words, 
somehow  the  spirit  seems  to  vanish,  for  words  are  too  inadequate. 
For  this  reason.  Camp  Fire  Girls  use  poetry,  music,  ceremony,  and 
ritual,  color,  and  drama  in  which  to  express  their  hopes,  purposes,  and 
visions.  This  explains  why  so  much  in  this  Manual  is  built  around 
poetic  ideas  and  forms  of  art. 

Many  ideas  and  ideals  are  ever  growing.  To  express  these  so  that 
they  may  not  be  cramped  by  words,  we  use  symbols.  One  Guardian 
has  adopted  the  mountain  for  her  symbol,  and  into  this  symbol  her 
ideals,  attainments,  and  aspirations  will  always  grow;  that  is,  the 
symbol  for  mountain  stands  for  her  very  self,  whatever  she  may  be- 
come. Symbols  are  more  illusive  and  less  susceptible  to  the  cramping 
effects  of  words. 

Fire  is  the  symbol  of  the  organization,  for  around  it  the  first  homes 
were  built.  Camp  Fire  stands  not  only  for  the  home,  but  also  for  the 
genuineness  and  simplicity  of  the  out-of-doors.  The  sun  is  used  as  a 
general  symbol  for  fire,  and  for  this  reason  it  is  the  design  used  on  the 
Guardian’s  pin  (p.  19). 

A symbol  of  membership  is  the  standing  pine.  It  means  simplicity 
and  strength. 

“ Wohelo”  is  the  watchword  of  Camp  Fire  Girls.  It  is  made  up  of 
the  first  two  letters  of  Work,  of  Health,  and  of  Love. 

The  Hand  Sign.  The  hand  sign  of  fire,  used  as  a salutation,  is 
made  by  holding  the  left  hand  in  front  of  and  about  two  inches  from 
the  body,  at  about  the  waist  line,  keeping  the  elbow  at  a right  angle, 
and  flattening  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand  against  those  of  the  left. 
This  indicates  the  crossed  logs.  From  this  position,  the  right  hand 
is  quickly  raised,  directly  upward,  following  the  curves  of  an  imaginary 
flame.  As  the  hand  rises,  the  three  fingers  drop  into  an  easy  position 
against  the  thumb,  leaving  the  index  finger  pointing  upward. 

Wohelo.  This  is  the  name  of  the  ofiicial  publication,  an 
illustrated,  monthly  magazine.  Price,  $1.00  a year.  Any  one 


In  General 


7 

may  subscribe  for  “ Wohelo,”  and  Camp  Fire  girls,  mothers,  teachers, 
ministers,  and  librarians  are  especially  urged  to  do  so. 

Supplies.  All  supplies  may  be  secured  from  the  Camp  Fire 
Outfitting  Company,  i8  West  22nd  Street,  New  York  City.  These 
include  ceremonial  dresses.  Honor  beads.  Fire  Maker’s  bracelet,  Torch 
Bearer’s  pin.  Guardian’s  pin,  etc.  (Last  page.) 

How  to  Organize.  Fill  out  the  application  blanks  and  mail, 
with  one  dollar  ($1.00),  to  the  National  Headquarters,  461  Fourth 
Avenue,  New  York.  (See  Chapter  x.) 

Five  Steps  Toward  Success:  (i)  Select  at  least  one  interest 
that  the  Camp  Fire  will  steadily  try  to  help  to  support.  (2)  Use  the 
out-of-doors.  Go  on  a tramp  at  least  once  a month.  Have  a fire. 
Let  each  trip  have  a special  program:  e.  g.,  go  to  some  historical  spot 
and  learn  its  story;  observe  interesting  rocks  or  trees;  learn  to  see  and 
know  the  birds,  etc.  (3)  Use  the  motion  songs.  There  is  nothing 
which  serves  to  develop  enthusiasm  and  carries  the  idea  of  the  Camp 
Fire  so  well  as  does  vigorous  singing  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls’  motion 
songs.  Sing  each  one  over  and  over,  until  it  becomes  perfectly 
familiar.  Make  up  new  songs,  and  sing  them  to  popular  airs.  Do 
not,  however,  sing  them  to  sacred  or  national  airs.  (4)  Use  the 
ceremonies.  This  involves  study  and  practice,  but  it  is  as  essential 
to  success  as  a frame  is  to  a picture,  or  the  right  words  are  to  a poetic 
idea.  (5)  Meet  regularly,  and  have  each  meeting  planned  before- 
hand. 

Motion  Songs.  Camp  Fire  Girls  are  earnestly  recommended  to 
know  and  to  sing  with  motions  all  the  Camp  Fire  songs.  These 
should  be  learned  by  singing  them,  rather  than  by  studying  the  songs 
from  a book.  They  may  be  sung  while  tramping,  or  while  resting 
from  a tramp,  at  night  around  the  fire,  or  at  any  informal  meeting. 
It  is,  therefore,  better  to  learn  to  sing  them  without  accompaniment. 

Singing  together  is  essential  for  the  developing  of  team-spirit.  A 
successful  Council  Fire  cannot  be  held  without  singing.  Many 
Camp  Fires  have  composed  their  own  songs  and  cheers,  singing  them 
to  popular  tunes,  and  making  up  their  own  motions.  Standardized 


8 Camp  Fire  Girls 

motions  to  Camp  Fire  songs  can  now  be  secured  from  the  Camp  Fire 
Outfitting  Company. 

The  Manual.  The  Manual  should  be  owned,  if  possible,  by  each 
girl.  She  needs  to  study  the  honors  and  to  get  the  spirit  of  the 
organization.  The  book  is  as  necessary  to  a Camp  Fire  girl  as  a 
chart  is  to  a pilot.  To  have  extracts  made  from  the  book  for  the  use 
of  the  girls  has  proven  to  be  undesirable,  for  each  girl  should  know 
most  of  what  is  in  the  book.  The  pictures,  the  Count,  the  nature 
of  the  organization  are  each  of  them  important  to  the  girls.  Where 
it  is  not  possible  for  each  girl  to  own  a Manual,  either  have  several 
copies  owned  by  the  Camp  Fire,  to  be  used  by  the  girls  in  rotation, 
or  get  several  copies  of  the  Manual  placed  in  the  public  library  for 
the  use  of  the  girls. 

Almost  Old  Enough.  Under  certain  conditions  a girl  not  yet 
twelve  years  old  may  be  admitted  to  the  Camp  Fire  and  to  its  meet- 
ings, but  not  to  membership.  Such  girls  may  take  part  in  the 
activities,  but  must  not  wear  the  ceremonial  gown  or  win  elective 
Honors  or  rank.  The  Guardian  may  create  local  Honors  for  which 
these  girls  may  work.  They  may  make  symbolic  stolls,  headbands, 
etc.,  which  they  will  be  entitled  to  use  when  they  become  members. 

The  conditions  under  which  the  above  may  be  allowed  are:  (i) 
when  the  girl  has  matured  in  body  and  character  so  that  she  really 
belongs  to  the  teen  age;  (2)  when  her  friends  and  the  girls  with  whom 
she  associates  are  already  members. 

If  this  privilege  is  given  to  many  little  girls,  however,  it  will  spoil 
Camp  Fire  for  the  older  girls.  It  often  seems  a great  hardship  for  a 
girl  to  wait  for  months  until  she  shall  be  old  enough  to  join,  but  it  is 
a matter  of  general  experience  that,  in  the  long  run,  the  results  are 
better  by  maintaining  our  standards. 

What  Camp  Fire  Girls  Do 

Camp  Fire  Girls  keep  healthy.  They  walk  35  miles  a week. 

Camp  Fire  Girls  save  food  in  the  kitchen. 

Camp  Fire  Girls  refrain  from  candy  between  meals,  sodas,  or  chew- 
ing gum — they  save  the  money. 

Camp  Fire  Girls  raise  vegetables  for  family  use. 


In  General 


9 


Camp  Fire  Girls  can  fruit  and  vegetables  for  use. 

Camp  Fire  Girls  care  for  little  children. 

Camp  Fire  Girls  have  a uniform  for  the  same  reasons  that  soldiers 
have  their  uniform. 

Camp  Fire  Girls  learn  what  to  do  in  common  emergencies. 

Camp  Fire  Girls  sing  “America/*  “ Dixie/’  and  “The  Star  Spangled 
Banner.” 

Camp  Fire  Girls  go  on  hikes  each  week. 

Camp  Fire  Girls  go  camping  in  the  summer. 


Historical  Sketch  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girlg 

The  initial  steps  looking  to  the  formation  of  a national  organiza- 
tion for  girls  were  taken  by  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Farnsworth;  the  name 
of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls  and  the  ranks  were  suggested  by  William 
Chauncy  Langdon, 

The  work  and  ideals  of  Camp  Fire  Girls  had  its  direct  origin  in  the 
home,  and  later  in  the  private  camp  of  Mrs.  Luther  Halsey  Gulick, 
on  Lake  Sebago,  Maine.  Here,  for  a number  of  years,  Mrs.  Gulick, 
with  the  desire  to  meet  the  needs  of  her  own  daughters  and  their 
friends,  worked  out  the  beginnings  of  what  was  later,  with  some 
modifications,  accepted  as  the  ritual  and  form  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls. 
The  name  of  Mrs.  Gulick’s  camp,  “Wohelo” — ^which  she  had  formed 
from  the  first  two  letters  of  each  of  the  three  words.  Work,  Health, 
and  Love,  became  the  watchword  of  the  new  organization.  (It  is 
pronounced  as  follows:  Wo  as  in  woe;  he  as  in  he;  lo  as  in  low.  The 
accent  is  on  the  second  syllable.)  The  name  of  Camp  Fire  Girls 
and  the  ranks  were  suggested  by  Mr.  William  C.  Langdon. 

Among  those  active  in  this  initial  movement  were  Mr.  William 
Chauncy  Langdon,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Farnsworth,  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Luther  H.  Gulick,  Prof.  Mary  Schenck  Woolman,  Dr.  Anna  L.  Brown, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ernest  Thompson  Seton,  Mr.  Lee  F.  Hanmer,  Mr. 
James  E,  West,  Mrs.  Justus  A.  Traut,  and  Miss  Lina  Beard. 

Preliminary  work  was  done  during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1911. 
During  the  following  winter  a manual  was  prepared,  funds  secured, 
and  an  organization  created  and  ofiices  opened.  On  March  17, 1912, 
it  was  given  to  the  public;  hence  that  date  is  our  birthday. 


lO 


Camp  Fire  Girls 


The  following  persons  were,  in 
financial  support: 

Mrs.  C.  B.  Alexander 
Mrs.  Sidney  C.  Borg 
Mr.  George  T.  Brokaw 
Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie 
Mr.  Charles  Henry  Davis 
Mr.  Cleveland  H.  Dodge 
Miss  Elizabeth  W.  Dodge 
Miss  Grace  Dodge 
Mr.  Robert  Garrett 
Mr.  J.  J.  Goldman 
Mr.  Frederick  C.  Green 
Mr.  S.  R.  Guggenheim 

Mrs.  Finl 


beginning,  mainly  responsible  for 


Mrs.  William  Kent 
Mr.  Samuel  A.  Lewisohn 
Mr.  F.  j.  Lisman 
Mr.  V.  Everit  Macy 
Mrs.  Howard  Mansfield 
Mrs.  William  C.  Osborn 
Mrs.  Frederic  B.  Pratt 
Mr.  George  D.  Pratt 
Mr.  John  D.  Rockefeller 
Dr.  E.  a.  Rumely 
Mrs.  Russell  Sage 
Mr.  Mortimer  L.  Schiff 
J.  Shepard 


Board  of  Electors.  The  Board  of  Electors  includes  all  Guardians 
in  good  standing,  the  Board  of  Directors,  the  Incorporators,  and  the 
following  persons: 


Miss  Jane  Addams 
Mr.  George  A.  Bellamy 
Dr.  Frederick  Brush 
Dr.  Marion  L.  Burton 
Mr.  Charles  Henry  Davis 
Dr.  John  H.  Finley 
Mrs.  M.  B.  Fowler 
Mr.  Frederick  C.  Green 
Mrs.  Luther  H.  Gulick 
Mr.  H.  D.  Haskins 
Mr.  Frank  Hayes 
Mrs.  Phoebe  Hearst 

Mrs. 


Mr.  Joseph  Lee 
Judge  Ben  B.  Lindsey 
Mr.  Samuel  Mather 
Ambassador  Walter  Page 
Mrs.  George  C.  Riggs 
(Kate  Douglas  Wiggin) 

Mr.  T.  j.  Roth 
Miss  C.  Ruutz-Rees 
Mrs.  John  Franklin  Thompson 
Mr.  L.  T.  Warner 
Dr.  C.  H.  Watson 
Mr.  William  R.  Webster 
Ella  Flagg  Young 


Board  of  Directors 


Dr.  Thomas  M.  Balliet 
Mrs.  Sidney  C.  Borg 
'Mr.  John  Collier 
Mr.  Earnest  Coulter 
Mrs.  S.  L.  Eastburn 
Mr.  W.  F.  Edwards 
Mrs.  j.  H.  Ford 
Mr.  Robert  Garrett 
Dr.  Luther  H.  Gulick 


Miss  Abby  S.  Hagerman 

Miss  Levanche  D.  Hawes 

Mrs.  Max  Hesselin 

Miss  Sadie  G.  Holiday 

Miss  Florence  Hughes 

Mr.  Arthur  Hunter 

Mr.  William  Chauncy  Langdon 

Mrs.  Sidney  Lanier 

Mrs.  Henrietta  Baker  Low 


In  General 


II 


^Mrs.  a.  6.  Luce 

Mrs.  Gabrielle  S.  Mulliner 


Dr.  Joseph  E.  Raycroft 
Mr.  Edgar  M.  Robinson 
Mr.  Myron  T.  Scudder 
Miss  Mary  F.  Taber 


Mrs.  Flora  Munroe 
Mr.  Arthur  W.  Page 
Mr.  John  A.  Potter 


Miss  Margaret  E.  Young 


The  following  persons  constituted  the  original  Board  of  Electors: 


Miss  Jane  Addams 
Miss  Florence  Brown 
Dr.  Marion  L.  Burton 
Dr.  John  H.  Finley 
Mr.  Robert  Garrett 
Mr.  Frederick  C.  Green 
Mrs.  L.  H.  Gulick 
Mr.  Hutchins  Hapgood 
Mrs.  Phoebe  Hearst 
Mrs.  William  Kent 


Mrs.  Sidney  Lanier 
Judge  Ben  J.  Lindsey 
Mr.  Joseph  Lee 
Dr.  Helen  MacMurchy 
Mr.  Walter  Page 
Mrs.  George  Pratt 
Mr.  Myron  T.  SIcudder 
Miss  Ida  Tarbell 
Mrs.  Richard  Wainwright 
Dr.  C.  H.  Watson 


Mrs.  Ella  Flagg  Young 

Officers  of  Camp  Fire  Girls 

Honorary  President,  Hon.  Woodrow  Wilson 
Honorary  Vice-President,  Hon.  William  H.  Taft 
President,  Dr.  Luther  H.  Gulick 
First  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Gabrielle  S.  Mulliner 
Second  Vice-President,  Miss  Levanche  D.  Hawes 
Third  Vice-President,  Mr.  Robert  Garrett 
Treasurer,  Mr.  John  A.  Potter 
Secretary,  Mr.  Lester  F.  Scott 


CHAPTER  II 

[ 

THE  LAW 

Seek  Beauty 
Give  Service 
Pursue  Knowledge 
Be  Trustworthy 
Hold  on  to  Health 
Glorify  Work 
Be  Happy 

This  law  is  not  intended  as  something  which  you  are  compelled  to 
do;  it  is  something  that  you  a;re  privileged  to  do.  It  is  not  anybody’s 
responsibility  to  tell  you  that  you  must  obey  the  law  of  service,  of 
being  happy,  of  seeking  beauty!  These  laws  are  inside  of  yourself, 
and  by  living  by  these  laws  you  will  accomplish  and  be  what  you  dream 
about  and  would  like  to  be.  These  are  roads  rather  than  chains. 

Seek  Beauty.  When  you  are  worried  or  resentful,  you  cannot  see 
beauty.  It  is  necessary  for  your  own  mind  to  be  in  a beautiful  state. 
An  ugly  state  of  mind  cannot  see  beauty  in  anything.  So  the  first 
law  in  seeking  beauty  is  to  be  in  tune  with  it.  Beauty  is  not  a thing. 
It  is  a delicate  relation  between  things,  and  between  things  and  your 
own  heart. 

People  see  what  they  look  for.  If  they  are  thinking  about  beauti- 
ful things,  they  will  learn  to  see  them,  and  everywhere  they  will  find 
the  world  will  be  filled  with  beauty.  The  people  who  love  birds  see 
many  more  birds  than  those  who  do  not  think  about  them  and  do  not 
love  them.  We  see  what  we  look  for.  If  we  are  looking  for  beautiful 
things  in  the  lives  of  others,  we  see  them  and  we  love  the  people. 

One  way  to  appreciate  beauty  is  through  the  shape  of  things. 
Try  some  time  holding  a vase  of  beautiful  shape  in  your  hands;  close 
your  eyes  and  pass  your  hands  over  it  again  and  again  until  the 
delicate  curves  and  proportions  have  entered  into  you.  Seek  beauty, 
not  only  with  your  eyes,  but  with  every  other  part  of  you. 


12 


The  Law 


13 

Beauty  is  something  which  is  inside  of  us.  Something  which  grows 
by  practice.  We  increase  our  capacity  for  seeing  beauty  by  loving  it. 
If  you  think  about  it  and  long  for  it,  and  use  all  the  appreciation  that 
you  have,  your  power  will  grow,  and  you  yourself  will  become  very 
beautiful  in  reflecting  that  quality  in  which  you  are  growing. 

Some  people  think  that  the  way  to  improve  is  to  find  the  faults  and 
then  correct  them.  The  result,  when  this  becomes  a habit  of  mind, 
is  that  these  people  become  faultfinders.  There  is  enough  ugliness, 
misery,  and  wrong  to  fill  our  minds  and  hearts  so  that  we  can  feel 
or  realize  little  else.  The  person  who  habitually  sees  faults,  we  avoid. 
We  do  not  accept  their  faultfinding.  The  person  who  habitually  sees 
beauty  and  appreciates  it,  we  seek  and  are  influenced  by. 

A young  man  was  studying  vocal  music.  His  teacher  kept  pointing 
out  to  him  the  faults  made  by  the  different  singers.  He  told  with  joy 
and  pride  that  in  listening  to  one  of  the  world’s  greatest  sopranos  he 
liad  detected  six  different  faults.  That  is  what  he  listened  for,  and 
that  is  what  he  heard.  He  could  neither  see  nor  hear  beauty.  He 
heard  faults. 

Give  Service.  Six  Talks.  I.  In  a deep  sense  giving  service  is 
as  much  an  art  as  is  music  or  painting.  Some  people  try  hard  to  be 
helpful,  but  seem  always  to  do  the  wrong  thing — they  are  bunglers. 
We  admire  their  motives,  but  we  do  not  want  their  help.  To  give 
service  in  the  complex  relations  of  modern  life  is  the  highest,  hardest, 
and  most  complicated  art  there  is.  Women  have  always  excelled  in 
giving  service  in  social  ways.  It  takes  love,  insight,  and  lots  of 
“ knowing  how.’*  This  is  the  reason  why  just  resolving  to  “ Give  Ser- 
vice” is  not  enough.  For  example:  Some  one  is  hurt!  You  cannot 
help  unless  you  know  how.  It  is  not  merely  a matter  of  sympathy 
and  earnestness.  To  cure  heartache  and  loneliness  takes  more  skill 
than  to  cure  headache  or  to  set  a dislocated  bone.  Thoughtless  giving 
is  the  cause  of  more  harm  than  good. 

II.  A person  who  is  thoroughly  educated  to  Give  Service  will  have 
the  broadest  kind  of  an  education — of  body,  mind,  and  heart.  If, 
purely  on  this  basis,  you  plan  the  education  of  a girl  up  to  the  time 
when  she  is  twenty-two,  you  will  realize  the  truth  of  this.  Most 
educational  plans  forget  to  train  the  hand  in  the  arts.  None  of  them 


14  Camp  Fire  Girls 

train  the  sympathies.  This  education  will  make  much  of  the  art  of 
the  hostess,  outdoor  cooking,  hiking,  trekking,  camping,  singing  to- 
gether, as  well  as  the  spiritual  and  physical  side  of  mothering.  She 
will  love  literature,  poetry,  history.  Woman’s  education  has  never 
been  planned  from  this  essentially  feminine  point  of  view. 

III.  Those  who  work  for  pay  need  to  strive  earnestly  to  give  the 
finest  service  of  which  they  are  capable,  for  in  this  way  wage  and 
salary  earning  is  changed  over  from  wages  and  slavery  into  real  living. 
If  we  just  do  what  is  necessary  to  get  the  pay,  it  is,  in  a way,  degrading. 
If  we  give  service,  it  is  uplifting  and  joyous.  If  we  merely  do  the  job 
for  money,  we  are  selling  ourselves.  If  we  do  the  work  a^  our  own,  we 
secure  the  legitimate  returns  in  character  in  addition  to  the  money, 

IV.  It  is  beautiful  that  the  law  “Give  Service”  is  so  closely  tied 
up  with  the  law  “Be  Happy.” 

V.  Motherhood  is  often  used  as  the  type  of  social  service  because 
the  mother  forgets  herself  in  the  love  of  the  child.  It  gives  her  great 
happiness  even  though  the  baby  at  first  gives  nothing  back — not 
even  love. 

VI.  Motherhood  in  spirit  and  service  must  be  made  to  extend 
wherever  the  interests  of  the  children  and  the  family  go;  hence  the 
streets,  movies,  schools,  factories,  stores,  city  officials,  playgrounds, 
work  shops — all  are  of  concern  to  her,  and  in  some  way  women  want 
to  bring  the  spirit  of  the  home  to  bear  on  them  all. 

Pursue  Knowledge.  Three  Talks.  I.  Knowledge  is  the  key 
to  mystery.  Our  forefathers  thought  that  the  world  was  flat;  that 
Columbus  would  fall  oflF  the  edge  when  he  got  far  enough.  They 
thought  that  the  people  seen  in  dreams  were  ghosts;  that  when  you  saw 
three  crows  you  would  have  bad  luck;  that  it  was  unlucky  to  start 
anything  on  Friday. 

It  took  millions  of  years  for  our  ancestors  to  learn  to  talk,  to  make 
fire,  to  write,  to  make  wholesome  laws,  to  know  the  stars  and  insects, 
to  draw  maps,  to  know  the  birds  and  beasts,  to  know  how  to  make 
baskets  and  rings,  to  tame  fire  and  make  engines,  to  make  and  control 
steam  and  electricity.  All  this  is  knowledge!  There  is  a great  deal 
that  we  learn  as  a matter  of  course,  just  as  we  learn  to  walk  and  to 
talk — but  there  is  much  knowledge  that  we  need  which  has  to  be 


Where  the  national  honors  are  exhibited  at  Nahequa 


Blue  Birds  jumping  the  breakers 


Camp  Fire  Girls  caring  for  little  children 


The  Law 


IS 

pursued — arithmetic,  literature,  cooking,  nursing,  housekeeping, 
language,  drawing,  history,  geography. 

II.  There  is  a new  body  of  knowledge  that  is  of  special  interest  to 
us  as  girls  and  women.  How  is  life  to  be  lived  so  that  it  shall  be  in- 
creasingly happy?  It  seems  that  poor  people,  shiftless  people,  and 
people  who  go  wrong  have  a dreadful  time — babies  suffer  and  die  un- 
necessarily, and  many  people  live  poor,  starving  lives.  How  can  life 
be  made  richer  and  better  for  everybody?  Merely  getting  more 
money  will  not  do  it,  for  very  often  the  rich  are  starved  in  their  lives 
even  more  than  the  poor.  Can  the  women  of  the  community  take 
the  lead  in  finding  out  how  to  change  all  this  so  that  life  will  be  better 
for  everybody  everywhere  ? Woman  has  taken  the  lead  in  making  the 
home  a beautiful  place  dominated  by  love.  Can  we  do  the  same  thing 
for  the  community?  How  can  the  factory  and  the  store  be  made 
good  places  for  people  to  work  in — good  spiritually  as  well  as  physi- 
cally? 

There  is  already  a good  deal  of  knowledge  available  on  these  subjects 
which  belong  peculiarly  to  girls  and  women,  but  it  has  not  yet  be- 
come a part  of  the  routine  education  of  girls.  For  this  reason  you 
win  need  to  Pursue  Knowledge  if  you  are  to  learn. 

III.  Teachers  are  experts  who  are  there  to  help  you  to  learn  the 
things  you  want  and  need  to  know.  Examinations  are  means  whereby 
you  may  ascertain  whether  or  not  you  have  learned  from  a subject 
what  you  need.  You  only  fool  yourself  when  you  “get  by’’  without 
real  knowledge. 

This  spirit  would  transform  the  lives  of  many  school  girls.  It  is 
the  new  spirit  of  education. 

Be  Trustworthy.  I.  Sometimes  people  liken  the  seven  Laws 
to  the  stones  of  an  arch.  The  middle  stone,  the  keystone,  then,  is 
“Be  Trustworthy.”  Without  this  stone  the  whole  arch  would  fall. 
A person  who  is  not  worthy  of  trust  does  not  seem  to  amount  to 
much.  It  is  not  right  to  promise  to  do  a thing  that  you  do  not  know 
that  you  can  do;  if  you  must  say  anything  say  simply,  “I  will  try.” 
Every  time  you  fail  to  do  what  you  have  said  you  would  do — what 
^ you  have  promised  you  would  do — you  hurt  at  least  two  people,  the 
person  to  whom  you  have  given  your  promise  and  yourself. 


i6 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

You  know  some  people  who  can  be  trusted  even  without  a promise. 
They  will  play  fair,  will  keep  silent,  or  whatever  is  the  right  thing  to 
do,  without  promise  or  any  word.  Y ou  can  always  trust  them.  They 
are  trustworthy.  There  is  everything  to  gain  and  nothing  to  lose  by 
being  trustworthy.^  You  can  help  more,  will  be  trusted  with  more 
important  things,  will  be  liked  better,  will  be  pushed  ahead  more,  just 
because  you  are  trustworthy. 

People  are  not  trustworthy  by  accident.  It  takes  thinking,  resolu- 
tion, steady  habit,  etc.  Be  trustworthy  in  the  home,  in  the  school, 
in  relation  to  your  employer,  in  social  relations  as  a friend,  and  in 
relation  to  boys  and  about  boys. 

Hold  on  to  Health.  Three  Talks.  I.  More  women  succeed 
in  life  because  they  are  splendidly  well,  because  they  have  reserve 
power,  because  they  can  stand  the  work  that  others  cannot  stand, 
than  because  they  excel  in  education,  beauty,  or  moral  power.  Not 
that  these  other  things  do  not  count,  for  they  do — they  count  strongly. 
A woman  with  a good  education  has  a great  advantage  over  an 
ignorant  one;  a beautiful  woman  will  be  given  all  kinds  of  chances 
which  are  not  given  to  others;  and  a woman  with  moral  earnestness 
will  almost  always  surpass  those  with  little  earnestness.  These 
things  are  not  enough.  Not  one  woman  in  a hundred  used  to  be 
educated  as  well  as  the  average  woman  is  to-day.  Most  any  woman 
can  be  beautiful  by  using  skill  in  clothing,  posture,  manner,  voice, 
hair.  Women  are  more  morally  in  earnest  than  ever  before.  The 
world  is  calling  for  its  girls  and  women  in  a new  sense.  But  the 
average  woman  fails  to  reach  up  to  her  greatest  usefulness  because 
she  lacks  power  and  vigor.  This  is  not  because  she  is  sick,  but  be- 
cause she  just  has  not  the  vitality. 

If  these  things  are  true,  there  is  hardly  anything  more  important 
to  establish  in  a girl  than  those  habits  of  action  and  of  thought,  those 
desires  and  those  social  relations  that  make  her  vigorous  and  able  to 
work  hard  and  joyously,  that  give  her  quiet  nerves,  sound  sleep, 
regular  habits,  and  the  Joy  of  Living — joy  of  cold  water,  strong  winds, 
long  roads,  brown  earth,  open  fires,  friends  on  the  hike,  skating, 
swimming,  diving,  canoeing,  the  road  to  the  hill  and  around  the  lake! 
This  is  the  reason  for  idie  outdoor  emphasis  of  Camp  Fire.  It  is 


The  Law 


17 

not  enough  to  take  regular  exercise  and  hate  it.  It  is  not  enough 
to  have  regular  habits  when  you  think  of  it.  Get  all  of  these  things 
deep  down  in  your  lives  and  in  your  habits.  Hike  and  camp  out  till 
the  desire  for  these  things  is  a part  of  you.  Go  with  your  best  friends, 
so  that  all  your  life  long  you  will  turn  to  the  life-giving  out-of-doors 
for  your  happiest  times  with  your  friends.  To  do  this,  you  must 
begin  young  and  keep  at  it.  The  out-of-doors  is  yours  if  you  win  it, 
and  you  will  belong  to  it,  and  it  to  you  only  if  you  give  yourself. 

II.  Regular  bowel  habits  are  of  great  importance  in  their  relation 
to  headaches,  clear-mindedness,  worry,  and  the  feeling  of  joy  in  living. 
Learn  how  to  secure  regular  habits.  Information  about  definite 
time,  bran  biscuits,  exercise,  etc.,  should  be  given  by  a physician  or  a 
nurse. 

III.  Do  not  overdraw  your  sleep  account  any  more  than  you 
overdraw  your  bank  account.  What  you' lose  one  night,  make  up 
later.  Fifty-six  hours  a week  is  the  least  you  can  have  to  your  credit 
and  keep  well. 

Glorify  Work.  Four  Talks.  I.  Work  is  what  we  have  to  do. 
Play  is  what  we  want  to  do.  This  is  why  we  often  work  harder  at 
our  play  than  at  our  work.  On  a hot  summer  day  to  do  an  errand 
which  involves  walking  a couple  of  miles  over  a dusty  road  is  work; 
to  walk  that  same  road  on  the  same  day  to  go  swimming  is  play.  So 
it  is  not  what  we  do  that  makes  it  easy  as  why  we  do  it.  Most  all 
the  things  that  we  have  to  do  can  be  done  joyously  and  well  if  we 
think  about  them  rightly.  In  most  cases  the  things  we  ought  to  do 
are  really  the  things  we  want  to  do.  This  is  one  way  of  Glorifying 
Work.  Transmute  it  by  changing  your  mind  about  it. 

II.  One  way  to  glorify  work  is  to  do  it  well.  We  all  hate  a poor 
job  and  feel  happy  about  a piece  of  work  that  is  well  done.  We 
almost  always  like  to  do  the  things  that  we  do  best.  W^e  like  the 
studies  in  which  we  excel.  Time  and  again  a pupil  who  hated  a 
subject  in  which  she  was  doing  badly,  learned  to  take  real  joy  in  it 
when  she  began  to  master  it.  Work  is  a good  servant  and  a poor 
master.  Some  girls  glorify  even  dishwashing  by  doing  it  well  and 
happily. 

III.  To  Glorify  Work  is  a distinctly  American  idea.  Among  all 


i8 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

of  the  other  peoples  of  the  world,  work  is  regarded  as  a curse — some- 
thing to  make  slaves  or  servants  do.  Americans,  alone,  have  put 
the  idea  of  glorifying  work  into  practice;  have  seen  that  work  can 
and  should  be  glorified;  that  it  is  a splendid,  dignified  thing;  that  life 
does  not  have  ballast  or  steadiness  without  it. 

IV.  Success  is  like  a mountain.  Work  is  the  road  by  which  we 
climb.  The  history  of  work  is  the  history  of  humankind.  Glorify 
it,  and  it  will  glorify  you. 

Be  Happy.  Three  Talks.  I.  Is  it  so  hard  to  be  happy  that  we 
have  to  make  a law  of  it?  What  good  does  it  do  to  make  a law  about 
being  happy?  If  you  are  happy,  you  are  happy;  and  if  you  are  not 
happy,  you  are  not.  What  good  does  it  do  to  say,  “Be  Happy?” 
This  is  the  answer: 

Inside  of  us  there  is  always  plenty  to  make  us  unhappy,  and  plenty 
to  make  us  happy.  It  depends  mainly  on  what  we  keep  in  our  minds. 
‘Be  Happy”  means  that  you  are  going  to  choose  deliberately  those 
things  in  you  that  are  happy  and  hold  on  to  them.  When  you  are 
happy,  you  see  the  good  things  that  people  do.  When  you  are  un- 
happy, you  think  that  people  are  unkind  and  thoughtless.  When 
you  are  happy,  it  tends  to  make  other  people  happy  and  kind.  When 
you  are  unhappy,  it  tends  to  make  them  cross  and  selfish.  One 
grumpy  person  can  spoil  the  social  atmosphere  for  a whole  room  full 
of  people.  If  you  feel  like  being  unhappy  and  cannot  change  it  by 
just  trying,  take  a bath,  put  on  clean  underwear,  take  a brisk  walk, 
and  do  the  nicest  thing  you  can  think  of. 

II.  How  wonderful  it  is  that  the  highest  joy  is  the  deepest  duty! 
The  highest  joys  are  love,  health,  service.  The  biggest  duties  are 
love,  health,  and  service — and  so  Be  Happy. 

III.  Happiness  is  like  the  sunshine  in  which  precious  things  grow. 


MEMBERSHIP  AND  RANKS 

SVMBOLS  UF  THB 
aRGANIZATtON 


GUARDIAN’S  FIN 


FIRB  MAKER 


6.rfRB  MAKER’S 
BRACELET 


TORCH  BEARER 


TORCH  BEARER’S 
FIN 


19 


CHAPTER  III 

MEMBERSHIP  AND  RANK 

Applicant  for  Membership.  The  applicant  must  know  the 
object  and  requirements  of  the  organization,  and  at  the  monthly 
meeting  of  the  Council  Fire  shall  announce  her  desire  to  become  a 
Camp  Fire  Girl  by  repeating: 

‘^It  is  my  desire  to  become  a Camp  Fire  Girl,  and  to  obey  the  Law 
of  the  Camp  Fire,  which  is  to 

Seek  Beauty 
Give  service 
Pursue  knowledge 
Be  trustworthy 
Hold  on  to  health 
Glorify  work 
Be  happy. 

This  Law  of  the  Camp  Fire  I shall  strive  to  follow.” 

The  Guardian  explains  the  Law,  phrase  by  phrase.  The  applicant 
is  then  received  on  probation  as  a member  of  the  Camp  Fire,  until 
she  has  fulfilled  the  six  requirements  necessary  to  attain  the  rank  of 
Wood  Gatherer. 

Membership  Transferable.  If  a Camp  Fire  Girl  moves  from 
one  city  to  another,  she  may,  when  elected,  transfer  her  membership 
to  a Camp  Fire  in  the  city  to  which  she  goes.  Or  she  may  help  in 
organizing  a Camp  Fire  and  securing  a Guardian.  She  retains  the 
rank  she  held  in  the  group  of  which  she  was  formerly  a member. 
A transfer  blank  will  be  found  in  the  Record  Book. 

To  Become  a Wood  Gatherer.  To  complete  her  membership 
and  receive  the  silver  ring,  she  must  fulfill  the  following  seven  require- 
ments: 

(1)  Be  a member  of  a Camp  Fire  for  at  least  two  months. 

(2)  Attend  at  least  six  weekly  meetings  and  two  ceremonial  meet, 
ings. 


20 


Ljoao  oaTHsasa's 

D&StRS: 


As  fagots  are  brought  from 
the  forest 

Firmly  held  by  the  sinews 
which  bind  them, 

1 Mrill  cleave  to  my  Camp 
Fire  sisters 

Wherever,  whenever  I find 
them. 


**  I will  strive  to  grow  strong 
like  the  pine  tree. 

To  be  pure  in  my  deepest 
desire; 

To  be  true  to  the  truth  that 
is  in  me 

And  follow  the  Law  of  the 
Fire."’ 


21 


22 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

(3)  Select  a name  and  symbol. 

(4)  Make  a headband. 

(5)  Have  the  ceremonial  dress. 

(6)  Win  in  addition  at  least  ten  elective  honors. 

(7)  Have  paid  her  annual  dues. 

Purple  beads  are  awarded  for  all  above  honors.  Number  four  and 
five  also  receive  elective  honor  beads. 

Upon  meeting  tnese  requirements,  a giri  becomes  a Wood  Gatherer 
and  receives  the  Wood  Gatherer’s  ring  as  a token  of  her  membership 
in  the  Camp  Fire  Girls.  When  she  receives  her  ring  at  a Council 
Fire,  she  must  repeat  the  Wood  Gatherer’s  desire. 

If  a girl  is  living  in  a Camp  Fire  camp  where  she  will  spend  at  least 
eight  weeks,  giving  her  entire  time  to  the  work,  she  may  become  a 
Wood  Gatherer  when  she  has  been  a member  for  one  week  and  has 
attended  two  ceremonial  meetings. 

The  ring  is  given  without  cost  and  belongs  to  the  girl  even  when  her 
membership  ceases.  It  represents  the  seven  points  of  the  Law  in 
seven  fagots  bound  together,  and  Work,  Health,  and  Love  in  three 
raised  circles  on  either  side  of  the  fagots.  Lost  rings  may  be  replaced 
for  fifty  cents  each  upon  application  by  the  Guardian. 

As  soon  as  a girl  has  completed  the  requirements  for  a Wood 
Gatherer,  record  of  her  membership  is  filed  in  the  National  Office. 
Except  under  unusual  conditions,  if  a girl  does  not  complete  her 
membership  and  so  become  a Wood  Gatherer  in  four  months,  she 
should  be  dropped  from  the  Camp  Fire. 

The  ceremonial  gown  and  headband  are  required  before  a girl  may 
become  a Wood  Gatherer  because  experience  has  shown  that  in  them 
is  found  the  democracy  of  spirit,  the  artistic  unity,  and  the  beauty  of 
form,  which  are  so  desirable  in  the  activities  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls. 
For  the  Wood  Gatherer’s  Desire  see  p.  21. 

To  Become  a Fire  Maker,  (i)  The  candidate  must  be  at  least 
thirteen  years  old.  The  Guardian  must  use  her  best  judgment  in 
determining  how  long  a girl  should  be  a Wood  Gatherer  before  al- 
lowing her  to  become  a Fire  Maker.  It  is  not  merely  a matter  of 
winning  the  required  and  elective  honors.  Earnestness  and  maturity 


THE 


FIRE  MAKER’S  DCSIRE 

As  fuel  is  brought  to  the  fire 


John  CottiM* 


Mg 

Nt|  hearts  desirff 
Mi|ioi| 

And  mtj  sorrou 
To  the  fire 
Or  humankind, 
for  I uill  tend 
As  mt|  Miers  havetenited 
And  mu  falherls  ^hers 
Since  lime  began 
The  fire  that  is  catted 
Ihe  tove  of  man  tor  mart 
Ihe  tove  uf  man^God. 


23  V 


24  Camp  Fire  Girls 

must  also  count.  Any  girl  who  is  faithful  ought  to  be  able  to  win 
the  rank  in  a year.  If  a girl  is  deeply  in  earnest  and  has  time  for  the 
work,  she  might  be  allowed  to  present  her  claim  in  as  short  a period  as 
three  months.  But  this  should  be  regarded  as  the  rare  exception. 
If  she  is  living  in  a Camp  Fire  Girls’  camp,  giving  her  entire  time 
to  the  work,  is  mature,  loyal,  and  really  understands  the  spirit,  the 
Guardian  may  allow  her  to  become  a candidate  in  six  weeks. 

(2)  The  candidate  shall  further  indicate  her  love  and  understanding 
of  the  Camp  Fire  ideal  by  learning  and  expressing  the  Fire  Maker’s 
Desire.  (See  p.  23.) 

Required  Honors  for  Rank  of  Fire  Maker,  (i)  To  help 
prepare  and  serve,  together  with  the  other  candidates,  at  least  two 
meals  for  meetings  of  the  Camp  Fire;  this  to  include  purchasing  of  food, 
cooking,  and  serving  the  meal,  and  care  of  fire.  (All  candidates  work 
in  rotation;  that  is,  each  does  a different  part  of  the  work  each  time.) 

A typical  meal  to  be  cooked  with  an  open  fire  on  one  of  the  tramps 
consists  of  cream  of  tomato  soup,  potatoes  baked  in  ashes,  bacon 
broiled  on  green  sticks,  and  bread,  butter,  and  lettuce  brought  from 
home  ready  for  sandwiches.  For  an  indoor  dinner  to  be  prepared 
in  rather  small  quarters,  left  over  meat  chopped  for  a chartreuse 
with  rice  and  tomato  sauce,  a green  salad  with  a cooked  dressing,  and 
individual  sponge  cakes  would  make  a good  menu.  One  important 
point  in  the  winning  of  this  honor  is  the  “working  together.”  Cook- 
ing at  home  is  not  the  same  thing  and  cannot  be  substituted. 

(2)  To  mend  a pair  of  stockings  or  a knitted  under-garment  and  to 
hem  some  useful  article,  the  hem  to  be  at  least  a yard  in  length.  Use 
the  sewing  machine  if  practical,  and  also  the  attachments  for 
hemming. 

(3)  To  keep  a written  classified  account  of  all  money  received  and 
spent  for  at  least  one  month. 

(4)  To  tie  a square  knot  five  times  in  succession  correctly  and  with- 
out hesitation. 

(5)  To  sleep  with  open  windows  or  out-of-doors  for  at  least  one 
month. 

(6)  To  take  an  average  of  at  least  half  an  hour  daily  outdoor  exer- 
cise for  not  less  than  a month. 


Membership  and  Rank  25 

(7)  To  refrain  from  eating  between  meals  and  from  chewing  gum, 
candy,  sundaes,  sodas,  and  commercially  manufactured  beverages 
between  regular  meals  for  at  least  one  month. 

(8)  To  name  the  chief  causes  of  infant  mortality  in  summer. 
Tell  how  and  to  what  extent  it  has  been  reduced  in  one  community. 
In  a city,  there  may  be  an  opportunity  to  visit  a milk  station,  to  see 
the  babies  brought  in  and  weighed,  and  to  see  there  what  is  being 
done  by  that  particular  city.  The  work  of  a number  of  cities  has  ap- 
peared in  illustrated  magazine  articles  which  may  be  found  by  an 
index  to  current  periodicals.  Literature  in  regard  to  infant  mortality 
can  be  procured  from  Miss  Julia  Lathrop,  Baby  Welfare  Depart- 
ment, Washington,  D.  C.  (Children's  Bureau.) 

(9)  To  know  and  demonstrate  what  to  do  in  the  following  emer- 
gencies: 

a.  Clothing  on  fire. 

b.  Person  in  deep  water  who  cannot  swim,  both  in  summer  and 

through  ice  in  winter. 

c.  Open  cut. 

d.  Frosted  foot. 

e.  Fainting. 

f.  Bite  of  an  insect. 

(10)  To  know  the  principles  of  elementary  bandaging  and  three 
ways  of  using  surgeon’s  plaster,  and  to  demonstrate  to  the  satisfaction 
of  local  physician  or  nurse. 

(11)  To  know  what  a girl  of  her  age  needs  to  know  about  herself. 
This  is  a requirement  in  knowledge  of  personal  hygiene  and  should 
include  the  best  use  of  hot  and  cold  baths,  care  of  the  hands,  cleanli- 
ness of  the  hair  and  its  appropriate  dressing,  the  encouragement  of 
good  teeth  and  a sweet  breath.  The  girl  should  know  the  care  of  the 
eyes  in  respect  to  good  light  and  occasional  relaxation  by  glancing 
to  a distance  when  reading  or  doing  other  close  work.  She  should 
know  the  normal  requirements  of  sleep  and  out-of-door  exercise  for 
her  age;  the  suitable  dress  for  cold  or  wet  weather;  the  proper  care  of 
the  feet  and  proper  selection  of  footwear,  especially  for  school,  work, 
and  tramping;  simple  preventives  of  constipation  through  regularity, 
exercise,  and  attractive  laxative  foods.  She  should  know  those 
intimate  things  which  careful  mothers  tell  their  daughters  about  the 


THE 

mm  BERREfCS 
DESIftE 


THfirUCHt  WHICH  HBS 
BEEN  GIVEN  TO  ME 
I DESIRE  TO  FflSS 
UMOinnED  TO  OTHERS 


27 


Membership  and  Rank 

personal  life  of  women  and  something  of  the  delightful  results  of  a 
happy  attitude  to  all  about  her.  She  should  also  know  the  simple 
rules  of  etiquette,  serving  and  waiting  on  table,  and  something  of 
the  duties  of  a hostess. 

(12)  To  commit  to  memory  any  good  poem  or  song  not  less  than 
twenty-five  lines  in  length. 

(13)  To  know  the  career  of  some  woman  who  has  done  much  for 
the  country  or  state. 

(14)  To  know  and  sing  all  the  words  of  the  national  anthem — ‘‘The 
Star  Spangled  Banner.’’ 

The  candidate  shall  present  twenty  elective  honors  in  addition  to 
the  ten  won  under  the  rank  of  Wood  Gatherer.  At  least  one  honor 
must  be  won  in  each  group  and  with  the  exception  of  Home  Craft, 
not  more  than  five  honors  may  be  presented  from  any  one  group. 

To  Become  a Torch  Bearer,  (i)  The  candidate  must  be  at 
least  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  must  be  approved  by  the  Guardian  as 
ready  to  bear  the  torch  of  life  and  light  to  guide  others.  It  should 
take  a good  Fire  Maker  from  at  least  six  months  to  two  years  to  be 
ready  for  this  rank  and  responsibility.  It  is  not  merely  nor  mainly 
a matter  of  winning  the  honors.  To  be  a Torch  Bearer  should  really 
mean  that  the  girl  has  shown  powers  of  steady  leadership  or  of  real 
craftsmanship  and  her  appointment  should  be  approved  of  by  all  the 
other  members  of  the  Camp  Fire.  These  are  the  most  important 
qualifications  of  the  Torch  Bearer. 

(2)  The  candidate  shall  learn  to  repeat  the  Torch  Bearer’s  Desire: 
“That  light  which  has  been  given  to  me,  I desire  to  pass  undimmed 
to  others.”  A Torch  Bearer  is  an  assistant  to  the  Guardian. 

(3)  The  candidate' must  be  known  to  the  Guardian  as  trustworthy, 
happy,  unselfish,  a good  leader,  a good  “team  worker.” 

(4)  The  candidate  shall  present  fifteen  honors  from  the  list  of 
Elective  Honors  in  addition  to  those  she  presented  for  the  rank  of 
Fire  Maker. 

(5)  The  rank  may  be  won  either  as  a Guide  or  as  a Craftsman: 

Guide — To  be  a Guide  the  candidate  must  have  led  three  girls  for  not 

less  than  three  months  in  some  activity,  such  as  craft  work,  hiking, 
singing,  outdoor  or  indoor  sports,  the  study  of  nature  lore,  etc.  A girl 


28 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

may  win  the  right  to  be  a Guide  by  doing  Camp  Fire  work,  e.  g.,  by 
being  a guide  to  three  girls  for  three  months  and  giving  special  help 
under  the  Guardian’s  direction.  These  girls  need  not  necessarily 
be  in  her  own  group,  and  it  is  preferable  that  they  be  younger  girls  in  a 
younger  Camp  Fire  group.  The  Guide  should  be  able  to  lead  her  own 
Camp  Fire  if  the  Guardian  is  unable  to  be  present  at  a meeting.  She 
should  always  have  some  activity  planned  that  can  be  carried  out  at  a 
minute’s  notice,  such  as  story  telling  or  folk  dancing.  This  would 
not  only  interest  the  other  girls  but  help  them  to  win  new  honors. 
The  real  test  of  her  right  to  the  rank  is  the  enthusiasm  and  good  work 
of  the  girls  she  leads.  The  Guide  is  a leader.  See  war  program  p.  viii. 

Craftsmen  are  girls  who  have  developed  skill  and  knowledge  in  some 
special  line  of  activity  under  one  of  the  seven  crafts.  For  example, 
under  Home  Craft,  a girl  might  win  the  rank  as  a dietetian,  laundress, 
housekeeper,  as  a nurse,  a trained  singer  or  musician,  a storyteller,  or 
by  her  knowledge  of  baby  lore,  etc.  In  Health  Craft,  the  rank  may 
be  won  in  water  sports  in  general  or  even  in  some  one  line  like  swim- 
ming, sailing,  skating,  hiking  with  its  lore,  horseback,  riding  or  folk 
dancing.  It  may  be  won  in  Camp  Craft  and  in  many  of  the  Hand 
Crafts,  e.  g.,  clay  modeling,  brass  or  silver  work,  wood-carving,  pho- 
tography, millinery.  In  Nature  Lore,  the  rank  may  be  won  in 
woodcraft  (knowledge  of  trees,  flowers,  ferns,  mosses,  rocks,  etc.),  bird 
lore,  star  lore,  gardening,  knowledge  of  the  care  of  chickens,  horses,  etc. 

It  is  not  satisfactory  to  lay  down  exact  standards  for  all  these  at- 
tainments. The  questions  to  be  considered  are:  Has  the  girl  done 
thorough  work?  Is  she  an  authority?  Is  she  superior  in  the  line 
selected  ? 

Some  Ways  of  Working  out  Craftsman  Requirements.  Rank  of 
Walker.  Records:  20  miles  in  one  day,  50  miles  in  one  week,  120 
miles  in  one  month  or  1,000  miles  in  one  year.  (Written  record 
should  be  kept.) 

Knowledge.  Care  of  feet,  clothing,  local  geography  from  walker’s 
standpoint,  especially  roads,  paths,  streams,  woods,  hills,  and  points 
of  interest,  equipment  for  overnight.  Skating,  snowshoeing,  and 
skiing  may  count  toward  this  rank. 

Rank  of  Housekeeper.  A girl  should  acquire  a thorough  knowledge 
of  how  to  run  a house.  She  should  expend  money  according  to  the 


29 


Membership  and  Rank 

income  received  allowing  a certain  percentage  for  food,  clothing, 
household  articles,  entertainment,  and  miscellaneous  expenses.  She 
should  be  an  expert  in  marketing  and  eflScient  in  all  duties  pertaining 
to  the  upkeep  of  the  home — the  cooking,  cleaning,  laundering,  care 
of  pantries,  cupboards,  ice  chest,  closets,  drawers,  floors,  rugs,  bed- 
ding, etc.  She  should  act  as  housekeeper  for  at  least  three  to  six 
months,  proving  herself  thorough  and  practical. 

In  awarding  the  rank  of  Craftsman  Torch  Bearer,  the  Guardian 
should  secure  (to  examine  with  her)  the  cooperation  of  some  authority 
on  the  subject  selected. 

To  summarize:  A girl  may  become  a Torch  Bearer  by  personal 
attainment  (Craftsman)  or  by  leadership  (Guide),  or  she  may  become 
both  a Guide  Torch  Bearer  and  a Craftsman  Torch  Bearer.  She 
may  win  the  order  in  several  different  lines  if  she  has  the  talent  and 
persistence  to  do  so.  The  inside  border  of  the  Torch  Bearer’s  Desire 
(see  p.  26.)  is  made  from  the  symbol  for  Guide  and  Craftsmen  Torch 
Bearers.  The  upper  part  shows  a hand  symbol  for  Craftsmen;  the 
lower,  an  arrow  symbol  for  Guide. 


CHAPTER  IV 

HONORS 

The  Honors  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls  are  devices  by  which  whole- 
some activities  may  be  divided  into  “measurable  bundles/^  and  social 
recognition  and  status  given  for  accomplishment. 

I.  Standards.  The  effectiveness  of  this  whole  honor  plan  de- 
pends upon  the  good  judgment  of  the  Guardian.  In  interpreting 
what  degree  of  excellence  is  demanded  for  any  honor,  she  must  bear 
in  mind  the  other  honors.  For  example,  to  identify  and  describe 
twenty  wild  flowers  may  be  made  so  easy  that  a girl  with  a good 
memory  would  qualify  by  an  hour  or  two  of  work,  or  it  could  be  made 
so  difficult  that  it  would  involve  weeks  of  work.  Common  sense  is 
needed  here.  It  is  of  no  help  to  the  girls  to  give  them  their  honors 
easily.  On  the  other  hand,  to  make  them  too  difficult  would  tend 
only  to  discourage  them.  Each  honor  should  be  won  by  good,  honest 
work. 

There  are  certain  principles  that  Camp  Fire  urges  the  girls  to  follow 
in  the  selection  of  the  honors  to  be  won  and  for  the  Guardians  to  use 
and  consider  when  awarding  the  honors. 

In  the  first  place,  the  whole  spirit  of  Camp  Fire  emphasizes  the 
doing  of  things  rather  than  the  knowing.  Not  that  the  knowledge 
of  how  a thing  is  done  is  unirriportant,  but  rather  that  this  knowledge 
of  the  method  plus  the  actual  execution  and  accomplishment  is  very 
far-reaching  in  its  benefits. 

Second,  the  honors  are  varied  to  fit  the  abilities,  strength,  and 
needs  of  girls  of  many  ages,  girls  of  many  different  temperaments, 
of  girls  living  in  cities,  in  small  villages,  on  farms,  of  girls  working 
in  factories  as  well  as  those  who  will  never  have  to  earn  their 
living. 

Third,  we  realize  that  the  things  which  would  be  difficult  for  a girl 
of  twelve  years  would  be  easy  and  simple  for  a girl  of  eighteen  years. 
It  is  our  aim,  therefore,  to  have  considerable  variety  in  the  degree  of 
difficulty  as  well  as  in  the  actual  type  of  honors. 

Fourth,  it  is  the  effort  of  Camp  Fire  to  have  many  honors  so  that 

30 


Honors 


31 

the  girls  may  constantly  be  doing  new  things,  instead  of  doing  the  old 
things  over  and  over.  / 

Fifth,  credit  is  given  in  most  cases  for  work  not  already  organized 
and  credited.  For  instance,  we  do  not  give  credit  for  school  work 
and  practising  music,  etc. 

Sixth,  the  required  honors  are  for  the  things  that  every  girl  can  and 
should  do  and  those  that  can  be  done  anywhere  under  any  conditions. 

Seventh,  sedentary  work  such  as  embroidery,  tatting,  etc.,  are 
purposely  not  emphasized. 

Eighth,  the  Guardian  must  use  her  own  judgment  in  determining 
the  exact  requirement  for  the  honor;  for  example,  if  a girl  submits 
requirements  for  Honor  300 — “Erect  a Tent,^*  the  Guardian  must 
use  her  own  judgment  as  to  how  well  the  tent  must  be  erected  in 
order  to  fulfill  the  requirement. 

2.  Elective  Honors.  Elective  Honors  form  the  basis  of  Camp 
Fire  work.  These  honors  may  be  won  in  seven  crafts,  each  craft 
being  symbolized  by  a distinctively  colored  bead. 

Home  Craft.  Red  Honors  (red  blood). 

Camp  Craft.  Brown  honors  (woods). 

Hand  Craft.  Green  honors  (creation,  growing  things). 

Nature  Lore.  Blue  honors  (blue  sky). 

Business.  Yellow  honors  (gold). 

Patriotism.  Red,  white,  and  blue  honors. 

Honors  denoting  fulfillment  of  requirements  for  the  three  ranks. 
Purple. 

3.  Big  Honors.  The  Big  Honors  are  large,  decorative  beads  of 
the  same  color  and  shape  as  the  Elective  Honor  beads.  These  repre- 
sent something  additional  to  work  for,  and,  for  this  reason,  can  only 
be  awarded  to  Fire  Makers  over  fourteen  years  of  age.  The  girl  may 
keep  the  small  beads  as  well  as  the  big  ones.  The  first  winning  of 
any  bead,  together  with  honors  that  are  repeated  for  rank,  count 
toward  Big  Honors.  Honors  which  cannot  be  repeated  for  rank  do 
not  count.  The  number  of  elective  honors  to  be  won  in  order  to  win 
the  big  honors  are  as  follows: 

Home  Craft.  Any  fifteen  honors. 

Health  Craft.  Any  ten  honors. 


32 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

Nature  Lore.  Any  ten  honors. 

Camp  Craft.  Any  ten  honors. 

Hand  Craft.  Any  ten  honors. 

Business.  Any  eight  honors. 

Pa(triotism.  Any  twelve  honors. 

4.  Local  Honors.  Have  special  needs  or  opportunities  that  are 
not  provided  for  under  the  elective  Honors,  in  connection  with  which 
it  seems  wise  to  offer  some  Honor.  Any  Camp  Fire  may  create  local 
Honors,  and  award  special  beads  or  other  emblems  for  such  Honors. 
These  local  Honors  do  not,  however,  count  toward  the  ranks. 

The  Local  Honor  beads  can  be  bought  from  the  Camp  Fire  Out- 
fitting Company.  They  are  uncolored,  and  can  be  painted  by  the 
Guardian  in  many  ways;  for  instance,  one  Camp  Fire  painted  a red 
cross  for  a Red  Cross  Honor.  There  are  other  ways  of  making  local 
Honors,  as  by  cutting  and  painting  scraps  of  leather  in  shapes  ap- 
propriate to  the  Honor,  or  by  painting  wooden  buttons,  which  can  be 
procured  from  the  Five  and  Ten  Cent  Stores. 

5.  Honor  Certificate  Blanks.  Girls  should  not  be  asked  to 
judge  of  their  own  attainments.  Blanks  have  been  prepared  to  put 
the  parent  or  teacher  in  right  relation  to  work  not  done  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  the  Guardian.  These  blanks  are  printed 
in  blocks  of  twenty-five,  and  may  be  obtained  from  the  Camp  Fire 
Outfitting  Company. 

6.  Elective  Honors.  The  honors  described  in  the  following  lists 
may  be  won  in  three  ways: 

1.  An  honor  marked  with  one  or  more  stars  entitles  the  winner 
to  the  number  of  beads  to  which  there  are  stars;  * one  bead,  **  two 
beads.  Such  honors  may  not  be  repeated  unless  marked  with  an*R 
or  O.  If  marked  with  an  R or  an  O,  as  many  beads  should  be  given 
each  time  the  honor  is  won,  as  there  are  stars. 

2.  *R.  Repeat  for  rank.  An  honor  marked  thus  may  be  re- 
peated any  number  of  times  provided  each  time  the  honor  is  won  in  a 
new  way;  e.  g.,  ‘‘Use  a chafing  dish  in  the  preparation  of  four  ap- 
petizing dishes.”  When  won  a second  time,  the  dishes  must  be  dif- 


Honors 


33 


ferent  from  those  presented  the  first  time.  Each  time  the  honor  may 
count  for  rank. 

3.  *0,  Honors  marked  thus  may  be  repeated  indefinitely  and  the 
bead  awarded  each  time  they  are  won.  For  example,  a girl  receives 
her  honor  for  walking  forty  miles  in  ten  days  and  it  counts  toward  a 
rank.  She  may  win  this  over  and  over  and  receive  a bead  each  time, 
but  the  repetitions  do  not  count  for  rank. 

4.  Honors  for  Camp  Fire  work  are  counted  from  the  date  on  which 
the  complete  application  and  fee  are  received  at  Headquarters. 

(a)  Any  work  done  prior  to  official  authorization  may  not  be 
counted,  but  locally  it  may  be  regarded  as  probationary. 

(b)  The  Guardian,  however,  is  entitled  to  honors  for  past  attain- 
ments which  correspond  with  the  honors  listed  in  the  manual,  though 
it  is  a custom  with  most  Guardians  to  win  their  beads  with  their 
girls. 

Home  Craft.  Flame  Colored  Honors. 

1 Make  two  kinds  of  bread  and  two  kinds  of  cake.* 

2 Cook  meat  in  four  ways:  roast,  broil,  fricassee,  boil.*R 

3 Cook  left-over  meats  in  four  ways.*R 

4 Cook  three  common  vegetables  each  in  three  ways.*R 

5 Make  two  kinds  of  soup  with  milk,  and  two  with  meat.*R 

6 Prepare  four  salads,  making  at  least  two  kinds  of  dressing.*R 

7 Prepare  eggs  in  four  different  ways.*R 

8 Prepare  four  desserts:  one  gelatine,  one  boiled,  one  baked,  and  one  frozen. *r 

9 Prepare  a gruel,  a cereal,  an  eggnog,  and  milk  toast,  and  arrange  an  invalid’s 

tray  attractively.* 

10  Gather  two  quarts  of  wild  berries  or  fruits  and  make  them  into  a dessert.*R 

11  Can,  preserve,  or  pickle  three  different  kinds  of  fruits  or  vegetables.*R 

12  Use  a fireless  cooker  successfully  on  cereals,  meat,  and  vegetables.* 

13  Cook  meat,  a vegetable,  and  a dessert,  or  fruit,  in  paper  bags.* 

14  Use  a chafing  dish  in  the  preparation  of  four  appetizing  dishes. *R 

15  Write  out  an  appetizing,  balanced,  vegetarian  diet  for  one  week.* 

16  Write  out  a menu  for  three  weeks  suitable  for  a school  girl  who  is  inclined  to  be 

too  stout.* 

17  Write  out  a menu  for  three  weeks  suitable  for  a school  girl  who  is  inclined  to  be 

too  thin.* 

18  Give  examples  of  five  expensive  and  five  inexpensive  foods  having  high  energy 

or  tissue  forming  value.  Do  the  same  for  foods  having  little  energy  or  tissue 

forming  value.* 

19  Prepare  a balanced  menu  and  superintend  cooking  for  one  month  in  the  home.*o 

20  Make  delicacies  for  the  sick,  or  get  flowers,  and  send,  where  needed,  through  the 

National  Plant,  Flower,  and  Fruit  Guild,  or  some  other  distributing  organiza- 
tion.* 

21  Cook  for  one  month  in  a home.*o 

22  Take  instructions  in  a home  once  a week  for  two  months,  actually  doing  the 

cooking.  *0 

23  Make  two  pounds  of  butter  a week  for  two  months.*o 

24  Pick,  dress,  and  cook  a fowl.*o 

25  Describe  characteristics,  identify,  and  select  six  chief  cuts  of  meat;  also  know 

the  market  price  for  each-  * 


34  Camp  Fire  Girls 

26  Market  for  one  week  on  two  dollars  and  one  half  per  person,  keeping  accounts 

and  records  of  menus,  etc.*o 

27  Do  the  same  on  three  dollars. *0 

28  Do  the  same  on  four  dollars. *0 

29  Know  the  best  season  for  the  chief  fruits  and  vegetables  available  in  your 

locality,  and  a reasonable  price  for  each.* 

30  Know  the  way  flour,  sugar,  rice,  cereals,^crackers,  and  breads  are  sold — packages, 

bulk,  etc. — prices,  dangerous  and  common  adulterations.* 

31  Know  how  to  secure  full  weight  and  pure  food.* 

32  Help  with  four  family  washings,  this  to  include  complete  process.*o 

33  Iron  eight  hours  in  two  months.*o 

34  Wash  and  iron  a shirt  waist  and  a skirt.*o 

35  Wash  and  iron  a lingerie  dress.*o 

36  Pr»ss  a suit,  or  a skirt  and  coat.*o 

37  Remove  three  common  stains  from  washable  material;  two  spots  from  non- 

washable  material.* 

38  Use  two  agents  for  softening  water,  two  soaps  for  different  uses,  two  kinds  of 

starch  for  different  uses,  two  methods  of  bluing,  and  two  household  methods 
of  bleaching.* 

39  Care  for  floors,  walls,  carpets,  rugs,  hardwood,  and  upholstered  furniture,  as  it 

should  be  done  for  the  regular  housecleaning.* 

40  Sweep  and  dust,  using  two  kinds  of  sweeping  or  dusting  compounds,  moist 

cloths,  dust  absorbing  cloths,  and  a vacuum  cleaner.* 

41  Properly  dispose  of  waste  and  garbage  from  the  home  for  one  week,  and  know 

its  proper  disposal  by  the  city.* 

42  Make  up  a bed  for  a baby,  a bed  with  a draw  sheet  for  a very  sick  patient,  and 

know  the  proper  airing  and  changing  of  a bed.* 

43  Air  and  make  one  bed  a day  for  two  months.*o 

44  Wash  and  wipe  dishes  and  leave  the  dining  room  in  order,  after  one  meal  a day, 

for  two  months.*o  (Two  girls  may  share  the  work,  continuing  it  through 
twice  the  time,  to  obtain  equivalent  honors.) 

45  T ake  the  entire  care  of  one  room  for  one  month,  this  to  include  sweeping,  dusting, 

washing  of  windows,  care  of  flowers  or  of  plants,  and  what  may  be  desirable 
for  the  attractiveness  of  the  room.*o  This  may  be  the  club  room  of  the  Camp 
Fire  Girls.  (Two  girls  may  share  the  work,  continuing  it  through  twice  the 
time,  to  obtain  equivalent  honors.) 

46  Put  away  clothing,  rugs,  furs,  blankets,  for  the  summer.* 

47  Take  instruction  in  a neighbor’s  house  for  one  morning  a week,  for  two  months, 

actually  doing  house  work.*o 

48  Take  care  of  a cat,  dog,  bird,  or  a tame  animal,  for  three  months;  know  what 

harm  they  do,  what  diseases  each  may  carry,  and  how  the  latter  may  be 
treated.* 

49  Learn  the  care  of  chinaware,  silver,  glass,  pots,  pans,  aluminum  ware,  lamps, 

copper  utensils.* 

50  Scrub  a floor  once  a week  for  two  months.*o 

51  Take  entire  charge  of  a pantry  for  one  month. *0 

52  Clean  an  ice-chest  thoroughly  twice  a week  for  two  months  during  the  summer.*© 

53  Keep  bureau  drawers  in  order  for  three  months.*© 

54  Care  for  at  least  two  kerosene  lamps  every  day  for  a month.*© 

55  Take  care  of  the  milk  and  cream  from  at  least  one  cow,  and  see  that  the  pails 

and  pans  are  properly  cleaned,  for  two  months.*o 

56  Repack  a faucet.* 

57  Install  an  electric  bell  and  care  for  it  for  three  months.* 

58  Build  a furnace  fire  and  care  for  it  for  two  days.*o 

59  Make  a useful  household  invention. *R 

60  Arrange  a sick  room  to  make  it  sanitary  and  calculated  to  give  greatest  possible 

comfort  to  patient  and  usefulness  to  doctor  and  nurses.* 

61  Use  a clinical  thermometer  to  obtain  the  temperature  of  an  adult  and  of  an 

infant;  tell  the  temperatures  indicating  normal,  fever,  and  dangerous  fever 
conditions.* 

62  Give  the  common  symptoms  of  scarlet  fever,  diphtheria,  whooping  cough,  measles, 

tuberculosis;  also  home  care  and  prevention  of  these  diseases.* 


Honors 


35 


63  Sing  weekly  in  chorus  or  glee  club  for  not  less  than  three  months. *0 

64  Sing  in  a quartette,  glee  club,  or  organized  chorus  for  not  less  than  eight  hours 

in  any  one  month. *0 

65  Memorize,  and  sing  alone,  five  folk  songs. *R 

66  Play  any  musical  instrument  in  an  orchestra,  reading  the  music,  for  not  less 

than  eight  hours  in  any  one  month. *0 

67  Play  from  memory,  on  any  instrument,  five  pieces  of  the  difficulty  of  Schu- 

mann’s Scenes  from  Childhood”  for  the  piano.*R 

68  Play  the  piano  or  organ  for  one  Sabbath  service  each  week  for  three  months. *0 

69  Play  the  accompaniment  for  any  school  exercises  on  any  instrument  for  not 

less  than  eight  hours  in  any  one  month. *0 

70  Commit  and  recite  five  hundred  lines  of  standard  poetry.* 

71  Commit  and  recite  an  equivalent  amount  of  standard  prose,  such  as  an  oration, 

essay,  or  story. *r 

72  Write  a story,  a poem,  or  words  of  a song  which  is  either  published  or  adopted 

for  use.*R 

73  Have  entire  charge  of  two  programs  for  the  weekly  meetings  of  the  Camp 

Fire.*R 

74  Have  a party  of  ten,  with  refreshments  costing  not  more  than  one  dollar;  keep 

accounts.  *0 

75  Entertain  three  or  more  little  children  for  two  hours  a week  for  at  least  two 

months. *0 

76  Know  and  tell  five  standard  folk  stories. *R 

77  Write  and  help  to  give  a play.*R 

78  Plan  and  give  a pantomime  entertainment.*R 

79  Make  six  visits  a month  for  three  months  to  sick  in  homes,  hospitals,  or  other 

institutions.*o 

80  Teach  a boy  to  dance  any  four  of  the  following  dances:*o  Virginia  Reel, 

Portland  Fancy,  Lady  of  the  Lake,  Howe’s  (or  Hull’s)  Victory,  Pop  Goes  the 
Weasel,  Chorus  Jig,  Lancers,  Boston  Fancy,  French  Reel,  German  Hopping 
Dance,  Varsouvienne,  Furetur,  Gottland’s  Quadrille. 

81  Each  member  of  a Camp  Fire  who  participates  in  carrying  out  a wholesome 

party,  or  hike,  including  at  least  as  many  others  (either  boys  or  girls)  as  Camp 
Fire  Girls,  may  receive  one  honor.  (The  work  must  be  well  planned  and 
organized,  and  each  member  given  special  duties.  The  Guardian  must  ap- 
prove the  plans,  but  the  party  or  hike  must  be  really  in  the  hands  of  the 
girls.)*o 

82  Know  how  milk  should  be  prepared  for  a six-months-old  baby;  know  what  is 

good  milk  and  how  it  can  be  tested  for  a baby  one  year  old.* 

83  Know  how  much  a baby  should  grovf  in  weight  each  week  for  the  first  six  months, 

in  height  for  each  month  for  the  first  year,  and  the  relation  of  weight  to  disease 
and  vitality.* 

84  Know  and  describe  three  kinds  of  baby  cries  and  what  each  means.* 

85  Care  for  a baby  for  an  average  of  one  hour  a day  for  one  month. *0 

86  Make  a set  of  practical  playthings  for  a child  three  years  old.*o 

87  Take  entire  care  of  a household  for  one  week,  allowing  the  mother  to  go  on  a 

visit  or  vacation. *0 

88  Cook,  and  serve  two  Sunday  dinners  while  mother  rests.*o 

89  Bait  the  hook,  catch,  clean,  and  cook  a fish.*o 

90  Make  four  kinds  of  pie  and  four  kinds  of  cookies.* 

91  Make  four  kinds  of  candy,  such  as  fudge,  taffy,  cooked  or  uncooked  fondant.* 

92  Make  one  quarter  pound  of  maple  sugar.  This  is  to  include  the  whole  process 

from  the  selection  of  the  trees  to  the  boiling  down  of  the  sap.* 

93  Cook  one  meal  a day  for  one  month. *0 

94  Set  and  clear  the  table  for  one  meal  each  day  for  two  months. *0 

95  Set  properly  and  beautifully  a table  for  guests,  designing  menus,  place  cards, 

candle  shades.*R 

96  Serve  two  formal  meals  for  guests.  This  may  be  combined  with  Fire  Maker’s 

requirement  No.  i.  (The  standard  must  be  the  highest  the  girls  know.)* 

97  Take  care  of  a kitchen  range  for  one  month,  including  removal  of  ashes,  building 

of  fires,  and  keeping  the  stove  clean.*o 

98  Make  three  pounds  of  soap.* 


36  Camp  Fire  Girls 

99  Do  all  your  own  washing  for  two  months.*o 

100  Do  all  your  own  ironing  for  two  months.*o 

101  Dry-clean  a dress,  suit,  or  coat,  or  three  small  articles.*© 

102  Make  a mustard  plaster  and  two  kinds  of  poultices.* 

103  Properly  fill  an  ice  cap  and  a hot  water  tag.* 

104  Bathe  and  dress  a baby  or  small  child  twenty-five  different  times. *0 

105  Keep  bedroom  closet  in  order  for  two  months. *r 

106  Milk  a cow  for  one  month, *0 

107  Care  for  a cow  for  one  month. *0 

108  Run  an  incubator  and  hatch  chickens  successfully.* 

109  At  a Camp  Fire  meeting,  properly  wrap  and  tie  three  packages:  a box,  a soft 

article,  and  a fragile  article.* 

no  Conduct  six  evenings  for  the  family.  This  means  planning  and  carrying  out 
the  entertainment  which  will  interest  and  have  the  cooperation  of  the 
family.**R 

111  Play  on  a bugle  from  memory  at  least  five  customary  bugle  calls.  (Reveille, 

Assembly,  Mess,  Taps,  or  others  commonly  used  in  camp.)* 

1 12  Prepare  three  desserts  or  breakfast  dishes,  using  a different  kind  of  dried  fruit 

each  time.*o 

1 13  Prepare  beans,  rice,  lentils,  cornmeal,  and  samp  (or  hominy),  each  in  two  ways.* 

1 14  Put  on  a successful  entertainment,  the  work  to  include  the  training  of  the  girls 

and  the  management  of  the  performance.*  to  ***R 

1 15  Take  part  in  a one-act  play,  or  more,  or  contribute  some  definite  feature  of  the 

entertainment.*R 

116  Make  a useful  household  appliance  for  the  care  of  health,  and  the  prevention 

of  disease.*R 

Health  Craft.  Red  Honors. 

200  Earn  diploma,  certificate,  or  medal  of  the  National  Red  Cross  Society,  or  joint 

diploma  of  the  American  Red  Cross  and  the  Young  Women’s  Christian  Asso- 
ciation for  First  Aid.*R 

201  Be  free  from  every  indication  of  a cold  for  two  consecutive  months  between 

October  and  April  inclusive,*© 

202  Do  not  miss  school  or  work  because  of  ill  health  or  headaches  for  three  consecu- 

tive months.*o 

203  Abstain  from  chewing  gum  and  from  candy,  ice  cream,  sundaes,  sodas,  and  com- 

mercially manufactured  beverages,  as  well  as  from  eating  between  meals,  for 
two  consecutive  months.*© 

204  Sleep  out-of-doors,  or  with  wide  open  windows,  for  two  consecutive  months  be- 

tween October  and  April  inclusive.*© 

205  any  of  the  following  games  for  not  less  than  twelve  hours  in  any  one  mcwith. 
Team  Games:  hockey,  volley  ball,  basket  ball,  archery,  baseball,  soccer, 
prisoner’s  base,  captain  ball.*© 

206  Other  Games:  (To  be  played  an  equal  number  of  hours.)  Tennis,  golf,  bowling, 

run  sheep  run,  hide  and  seek,  pussy  wants  a corner,  three  deep,  blind  man’s 
buff,  drop  the  handkerchief,  red  rover,  fox  and  hounds,  quoits,  duck  on  the 
rock.*©  (Games  adapted  for  girls  and  having  standard  rules  prepared  for 
them,  like  basket-ball  and  baseball,  are  to  be  played  according  to  such  rules.) 

207  Play  singing  or  dancing  games  for  not  less  than  fifteen  hours  in  any  one  month. *0 

208  Swim  one  hundred  yards.* 

209  Swim  one  mile  in  any  six  days.  (Not  necessarily  consecutive.)*© 

210  Fetch  up  a cup  from  the  bottom  in  eight  feet  of  water.* 

21 1 Do  any  two  standard  dives  in  good  form.*R 

Standard  Dives-.  Standing,  front,  side,  back,  twist,  jack. 

Running  or  from  springboard  the  same;  e.  g.,  a standing  front  and  a running 
front  and  a front  from  a run,  and  use  of  springboard  may  all  be  presented. 

212  Undress  in  deep  water.* 

213  Swim  any  four  standard  styles. *R  Standard  styles  are  breast,  side,  over-hand, 

single  over-hand,  crawl,  back,  scull  on  back,  etc. 

214  Paddle  or  row  twenty  miles  in  any  five  days.*©  (Not  necessarily  consecutive.) 

215  Tip  over  a canoe  in  deep  water,  right  it,  get  in,  and  get  enough  water  out  by 


Honors  37 

splashing  with  hands  or  paddle  to  be  able  to  sit  on  the  seat  steadily  and 
paddle  to  shore.* 

216  Sail  a boat  without  help  or  advice  for  fifty  miles. *0  (In  any  one  season.) 

217  Operate  and  care  for  motor  boat  without  help  or  advice  for  one  hundred  miles.^ 

(In  any  one  season.) 

218  Skate  twenty-five  miles  in  any  five  days.*o  (Not  necwsarily  consecutive.) 

219  Coast,  toboggan,  or  ski  for  not  less  than  fifteen  hours  in  any  one  month. *0 

220  While  skiing,  make  six  descents  of  at  least  fifteen  feet  in  good  form.* 

221  While  skiing,  make  six  jumps  and  land  in  good  form.* 

222  Snowshoe  twenty-five  miles  in  any  five  days.*o  (Not  necessarily  consecutive.) 

223  Saddle,  bridle,  mount,  and  ride  a horse  in  correct  form,  using  three  gaits.* 

224  Ride  horseback  forty  miles  in  any  five  days.*o  (Not  necessarily  consecutive.) 

225  Take  care  of  a horse  and  supervise  the  care  of  a stable  for  at  least  one  month.* 

226  Mountain  Climbing:  Make  an  ascent  of  two  thousand  feet  and  return  to  the 

starting  level. *R 

227  Bicycle  forty  miles  in  any  five  days.*o  (Not  necessarily  consecutive.) 

228  Walk  forty  miles  in  any  ten  days.*o  (Not  necessarily  consecutive.)  This 

means  tramping  in  the  country  or  walking  to  and  from  school  or  business. 

229  Take  seven  hours  of  outdoor  exercise  a week  for  three  months.*o 

230  Operate  and  care  for  an  automobile,  without  help  or  advice,  for  five  hundred 

miles.*o  (In  any  one  season.) 

231  Know  any  five  standard  folk  dances.*R 

232  Harness  a horse  to  a cart  and  drive  correctly.* 

233  Win  the  emblem  of  the  Women's  Life  Saving  Association.* 

234  Teach  a girl  to  swim  so  that  she  can  swim  at  least  twenty  feet  alone. *0 

23s  Demonstrate,  in  the  water,  three  methods  of  release,  and  a method  of  resuscita- 
tion on  land.* 

236  Swim  under  water  thirty  feet.* 

237  Float  on  back  five  minutes  or  do  a dead  man’s  float  for  fifteen  seconds.* 

238  Relax  completely  for  fifteen  minutes  sixty  times  in  ten  weeks.*o 

239  Take  a glass  of  cold  water  the  first  thing  in  the  morning,  the  last  thing  at  night, 

and  between  each  meal,  for  sixty  days,  in  any  ten  consecutive  wecks.*o 

240  Take  ten  minutes  exercise,  including  deep  breathing,  either  out-of-doors  or  in 

front  of  an  open  window,  at  least  sixty  times  in  ten  weeks.*o 

241  Take  a cold  water  bath  or  quick-rub  every  morning,  with  three  minutes’  setting- 

up exercises,  on  sixty  days  in  any  ten  consecutive  weeks. *0 

242  Demonstrate  the  proper  clothing  and  treatment  of  feet  to  prevent  blisters  on  a 

long  hike.* 

243  Dernonstrate,  and  know  the  use  of  iodine,  and  boracic  acid.  Describe  three 

kinds  of  wounds  and  how  to  treat  them.* 

244  Demonstrate  three  ways  of  using  the  triangular  and  the  roller  bandage;  also 

the  use  of  the  tourniquet.* 

24s  Take  five  minutes’  deep  breathing,  drink  a glass  of  water,  bathe  feet  in  tepid  or 
hot  water,  and  cleanse  teeth  before  retiring.  Do  this  sixty  nights  in  any  ten 
consecutive  weeks.*o 


Camp  Craft.  Brown  Honors. 

300  Erect  a tent,  having  selected  location.*  (Two  girls  may  work  together  on  this.) 

301  Take  proper  care  of  a tent  for  one  week.*o 

302  Make  a shelter  and  bed  of  material  found  in  the  woods.*o 

303  Build  a tree  house  large  enough  for  two  girls  to  sleep  in.* 

304  Make  a bed  on  the  ground,  and  sleep  out-of-doors  on  it  for  any  five  nights.*o 

305  Pack  a horse  and  tie  a squaw  hitch.* 

306  Build  an  open  fire  in  wind  and  rain  with  material  found  out-of-doors,  and  build 

a proper  bonfire.*  (No  fire  is  credited  until  it  is  properly  left  or  put  out.) 

307  Make  two  good  devices  for  holding  a pot  over  a fire  and  two  for  holding  a frying 

pan  over  a fire.*R 

308  Make  fire  with  rubbing  sticks  or  flint.*R 

309  Do  all  the  camp  cooking  without  help  or  advice  for  one  day  for  four  or  more 

persons.  This  includes  getting  the  wood,  and  making  art  open  fire.  Suitable 
character,  variety,  and  amounts  of  foods  are  to  be  furnished.  The  menu 
must  be  written;  quantitie.s  and  price  stated.* 


HOME  CROFT-FlflME 
COLORED  HONORS 

© 

3 

0 

f V 

1^1 

0 

0 

m 

s/ 

1^ 

S' 

# 

» 

A 

X • 

w 

XX 

00 

Xi> 

a*f- 

t/ 

2? 

A 

A 

0 

B 

8 

'X/-WX 

3 J 

Ini^ 

B 

3C* 

± 

3'> 

0 

''^0^ 

3 <» 

H-O 

IM 

1f^ 

♦-3 

n 

6: 

oa 

□D 

•^'7 

tall 

3 

5*  1 

h 

& 

© 

1 

y 

© 

J7 

4 

Is 

K 

T 

A 

# 

,i] 

toS 

-70 

7 1 

-7 1 

2XX 

XII 

73 

oOo 

7t 

1*1 

M. 

<•  "T  » Sro  Vi 


38 


6 

»a. 

//O 

1^ 

« 

V 7 

© 

S 1 

f 

5? 

3 O' 

m 

m 

0 0 

0 

3*1 

1 OD 

Qi 

CL'  1 

• ^JL 

0 

E 

m 

•03 

IM 

lit 

v/. 

«• 

,.4 

i'^ 

< !•*• 

••5 

• 03 

1_ 

HEHLTH  CRHFT 
— BED  HONORS 

a»o 

! '^rcr 

a.oi 

a*x 

a»5 

a«% 

5J 

%Of 

'■Re 

a or 

aos 

I o<» 

□P 

<jir 

■M' 

Cr^gyi 

ITN 

^■_  -1 

»«• 

< 

a»a 

a.  x-j 

a •'7  ^ 

2 -xv 

a as- 

z-xf. 

aar 

a a» 

aa«i 

pjvgsfi. 

b-^ 

250 

a 51 

Tf'- 

@ 

<5^ 

a »a 

' 43« 

\n 

3l»e 

S' 

a*«’t 

2 > 5" 

2>«-a 

b9 

a V3 

X<rH- 

a»f 

39 


CHMP  CRHFT  — 
BROWN  HWORS 

A 

VoS 

¥' 

IS; 

5«? 

4^ 

w 

Ir^ 

377 

1®? 

i 

a 

& 

1 

W 

a 

aa.'t 

•>2S 

>afc 

sa? 

3 -a** 

A 

^3ko 

HAND  CRHFT  — 
GREEN  HONORS 

^oo 

w 

'fOO 

<vot 

V-o* 

^InilYfTir 

fl 

b d 

5Z.A. 

6 

ilil 

i, 

<f  «f 

<t-«r> 

« 

♦«a. 

B 

a 

® 

;}s 

g 

9S 

•l? 

H-as 

Hie 

•♦on 

❖ 

Khin 

© 

HX  g 

A 

♦a* 

c> 

2 ^ 

/fN 

I 

B 

♦ sa 

w 

jIlJ 

40 


41 


f 9» 

53‘f 

BSi  ■ ' 

551 

tf 

i5y 

i*  5Q 

BUSINESS  — 
YELLOW  HONORS 

4 00 

bOO 

■A 

OOI 

<»«• 

1}^ 

^oa 

©"S 

h03 

40*f 

l,09- 

flsX 

bOb 

•Of? 

“SX 

co<» 

«1>X 

WCW 

‘20’ 

onX 

U«(» 

w 

anX 

<,04 

Cd7 

/^ 

toy 

/S\ 

toy 

A 

boy 

/©i 

ostia 

& 

0 

66 

wia 

ii 

b'5 

ii 

bi4 

on 

0Q0 

cy 

tm 

wao 

i.91 

/-Xf  1. 

u a *« 

5 

PflTRIOTISM-RED,  WHITE 
AND  BLUE  HOWORS 

0^ 

P2<? 

70H- 

*705 

OOb 

707 

70» 

70<^ 

N 

710 

Z][i 

:’& 

• • • 

"113 

m 

*1  ‘H* 

ii 

-»a» 

EiiH 

•»a.v- 

7»C 

7ab 

(Si3 

A 

'1X7 

nfl 

7a» 

42 


•ft  ? 

?r 

$ 

7H-0 

17« 

r4 

TtX 

^ $ 

^ m 

‘^•^  'tfS 

H 

lit 

Tr7 

.-S; 

• • • 

l-tr 

7 7-^ 

§0« 

!5'l  7 52. 

a 

•rm 

T 53 

P? 

*> 

S 

7 55 

Oi 

7SU 

H 

5t  '0 

'ih'ij 

^ J.J 

751  “•  St  nst  nt,o  nui  nua  K*! 


HATIONAL  HONORS 


UTA 


YHOUOHT>S$ 


l>ECORA'rKOM 


pMOfoaRArar 


Music 

SN9  SQH&. 


43 


44 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

310  Make  a bean  hole  at  least  18  inches  by  18  inches  and  cook  one  mess  of  beans  or 

some  other  appetizing  dish.*R 

311  Know  the  meaning  of  weather  signals,  and  the  meaning  of  clouds,  wind,  and 

temperature.* 

312  Keep  a scientific  record  for  a month.  This  consists  of  temperature,  wind  direc- 

tion and  velocity,  clouds,  character  and  quantity,  duration  of  rainfull,  fogs 
or  mists.* 

313  Read  United  States  Weather  Map  for  a month  and  report,  for  each  day,  com- 

parative record  of  home  point  with  some  distant  point.* 

314  Indian  Craft:  Track  two  miles.* 

315  Know  twenty-five  signs  of  the  hand  sign  language.*R 

316  Know  six  blazes.* 

317  Know  three  ways  the  Indians  have  of  testing  eye-sight.* 

318  Make  a beadband  at  least  eight  inches  long.*o 

319  Carve  a totem  pole.* 

320  Make  an  Indian  bed.* 

321  Make  an  Indian  tepee.* 

322  Make  a willow  Indian  bed.**o 

(For  above  honors  in  Indian  Craft  see  “The  Book  of  Woodcraft**  by 
Ernest  Thompson  Seton.) 

323  Tie  ten  standard  knots. *r 

The  following  list  is  suggestive: 

Tie  two  ends  together — square  and  square  bow,  single  bend  or  bowline  (easily 
untied),  alpine,  kite  string.  Tie  a rope  to  a post  or  rail,  or  about  itself— 
half  hitches  (fasten  boat  or  clothesline),  clove  hitch  (fasten  horse),  midship- 
man’s or  rolling  hitch  (tent  rope).  Whip  a rope  to  prevent  unravelling, 
with  a needle  and  without  a needle. 

Make  knots  at  the  end  of  a rope — wall  knot,  crown,  back  splice. 

Make  fancy  or  heraldic  knots — carrick  bend,  love  knot  (for  trimming  pillows, 
shirt  waist,  or  dress).  Make  trick  knots — ^Tom  fools’  or  sailor  handcuff, 
cabin  boy’s  knot.  Weave  ropes,  twine,  or  yarns,  together — make  a plait 
of  three  or  more  strands;  make  a sennit.  Make  splices;  eye,  short,  and  long. 

324  Construct  a reflecting  oven  and  bake  biscuits  or  some  appetizing  dish.*R 

325  Cook  successfully  at  least  one-half  pound  of  meat  and  four  potatoes  in  the  open 

without  using  any  kitchen  or  cooking  utensils;  this  includes  making  the 
fire.*o 

326  Build  three  different  kinds  of  fires  in  open,  using  not  more  than  two  matches  for 

each  fire.* 

327  Know  proper  disposal  of  camp  garbage  and  refuse,  and  dispose  of  it  for  one  Camp 

Fire  for  one  week.* 

328  Make  and  carry  a pack  for  two  miles.  This  includes  camp  outfit  and  rolling 

the  poncho.* 

329  Blaze  a trail  for  a mile.*  (For  methods,  see  page  89.) 

330  Build  a permanent  outdoor  fireplace  on  your  premises  for  family  use.* 


Hand  Craft.  Green  Honors. 

Any  article  in  the  following  groups  must  show  skill,  ingenuity,  and  taste.  Each 
article  must  be  worthy  of  honor.  When  the  designs  in  clay  modeling,  brass  work, 
silver  work,  batik  work,  stenciling,  leather  work,  embroidery,  or  bookbinding  are 
symbolic  of  The  Camp  Fire  Girls,  two  honors  are  given. 

400  Model  an  individual  cereal  bowl,  plate,  cup  and  saucer,  or  article  of  equal 

difficulty,  having  on  it  original  designs. *R 

401  Make  a brass,  or  copper  bowl  or  vase,  having  on  it  original  deslgns.**R 

402  Make  three  pieces  of  silver  jewelry,  such  as  bracelet,  ring,  pin,  hat  pin,  with 

original  designs.*R 

403  Design  and  make  a basket. *r 

404  Wood  carving:  Make  a useful  piece  of  furniture. *r 

405  Make  and  stain  a piece  of  “box  furnlture.”*R 

406  Repair  and  finish  off,  or  paint,  an  article  of  furniture,  or  a floor. *0 


Honors  45 

407  Dress  dolls  or  make  picture  books  or  toys  and  send  to  hospitals  and  settlements 

where  they  are  wanted. *0 

408  Make  a doll’s  house  of  four  rooms  and  its  furnishings.* 

409  Gather  bayberries  and  make  one  6-inch  candle  (dipped).* 

410  Gather  bayberries  and  make  four  6-inch  candles  (molded).* 

41 1 Batik  Work:  Design  and  dye  three  articles  for  use.*R 

412  Dye  material  for  a dress  or  three  smaller  articles,  each  of  different  color.* 

413  Stencil,  woodblock,  or  paint  three  serviceable  articles  with  original  designs. 
414.  Make  three  articles  with  original  designs  in  cut  leather,  at  least  one  of  these  to 

be  lined  with  silk  harmonizing  in  color.*R 

415  Bind  a book,  sewing  the  back,  and  having  lined  cover  and  original  cover  de- 

signs.*R 

416  Take  a dozen  photographs;  develop  and  print  them.*o 

417  Keep  and  decorate  an  individual  Count  for  six  months. *R 

418  Decorate  a “buffalo  robe”  with  a totem,  and  at  least  twenty  pictographs  illus- 

trative of  your  Camp  Fire  activities.*R 

419  Knit,  crochet,  or  tat  three  articles. *0 

420  Make  two  articles  of  underwear,  using  hand  or  machine  or  both.*o 

421  Make  a shirtwaist. *0 

422  Make  a dress.*o 

423  Make  a set  of  baby  clothes.*R 

424  Make  a ceremonial  dress.* 

425  Trim  a hat  (this  includes  lining). *0 

426  Make  a hat.*o 

427  Draw  an  original  design  for  a table  runner,  sofa  pillow,  curtain  border,  or 

some  other  serviceable  household  decoration,  and  embroider  the  article,  using 
not  over  twelve  hours  for  completing  the  embroidery. *r 

428  Draw  an  original  monogram  or  design,  suitable  for  marking  household  linen  or 

lingerie,  and  embroider  it  on  six  articles,  using  not  over  two  hours  to  complete 
the  embroidery  on  each.*R 

429  Embroider  or  bead  a shirtwaist  or  dress  with  original  design. *R 

430  Use  all  the  attachments  of  a sewing  machine,  and  clean  and  keep  it  in  order  for 

three  months.* 

431  Save  nine  stitches  once  each  week  for  three  months’  weekly  mending.*R 

432  Know  the  prices  and  widths  and  uses  of  the  following  materials.*  Six  common 

cotton  materials.  Four  common  linen  materials.  Four  common  woolen 
materials.  Four  common  silk  materials. 

433  Identify  twelve  kinds  of  lace  and  tell  the  reasonable  price  and  appropriate  use  of 

each.*  (Hand  made  lace  and  machine  made  lace  after  the  same  style  may 
each  be  counted.) 

434  Know  how  pattern  is  made  in  cloth;  be  able  to  compare  four  common  textile 

materials;  know  their  origin,  how  the  material  is  prepared,  and  how  the  weav- 
ing is  done.* 

435  Make  a skirt.*o 

436  Make  any  other  garment  as  diflScult  to  make  as  those  already  listed.*o 

437  Make  a key  for  a lock  as  diflhicult  to  fit  as  a Yale  lock.* 

438  Make,  and  put  on  a warp  and  weave,  some  article  with  original  design.*R 

(Cardboard  or  box  weaving,  hanging  warp  or  loom.) 

439  Shingle  a hundred  square  feet  of  roof.*o 

440  Carve  and  decorate  three  wooden  articles  with  original  designs.*R 

(Wooden  spoons,  salad  fork  and  spoon,  salad  bowl,  etc.) 

441  Make  a suitable  case  of  khaki  for  the  ceremonial  gown,  decorating  the  case 

with  name  and  symbol.* 

442  Make  the  same  for  a firemaking  apparatus.* 

443  Make  a pair  of  mocassins. *0 

444  Decorate  a pair  of  moccasins  with  symbolic  design. *R 

445  Embroider  or  bead  a symbol  on  six  articles.*o 

446  Make  one  article  of  tooled  leather.*R 

447  Make  three  articles  of  brass  or  copper  not  included  in  other  honors.*B. 

448  Make  three  baskets  of  different  designs. *R 

449  Recane  one  chair  bottom.*© 

430  Make  three  successful  plaster  casts.*R 


46  Camp  Fire  Girls 

451  Print  twenty-five  pictures  (excluding  those  for  which  honor  416  may  be 

claimed).* 

452  Enlarge  five  pictures  successfully.* 

453  Mount  and  frame  (either  with  wood  or  passepartout  finish)  three  pictures.* 

Nature  Lore.  Blue  Honors. 

Trees:  Identify  and  describe  any  fifteen  trees  in  such  a way  as  to  assure  future  recog- 
nition: 

500  In  summer.* 

501  In  winter.* 

502  Ten  additional  trees. *R 

503  Properly  plant  five  trees  at  least  one  foot  high  where  they  are  needed. *0 

504  Identify  and  describe  twenty  wild  flowers.* 

505  Identify  and  describe  fifteen  additional  wild  flowers. *R 

506  Identify  and  describe  ten  ferns. *R 

507  Identify  and  describe  ten  grasses. *R 

508  Identify  and  describe  ten  mosses. *R 

509  Identify  and  describe  twenty  wild  birds.* 

510  Identify  and  describe  fifteen  additional  wild  birds. *R 

51 1 Erect  a bird  box  and  have  it  used.*R 

512  Tell,  from  personal  observations  and  notes,  the  value  to  man  of  two  birds.*R 

513  Keep  notes  from  personal  observation  of  the  raising  of  a family  of  birds.*R 

514  Have  a “lunch  counter”  used  by  at  least  four  kinds  of  birds.*R 

515  Identify  and  describe  ten  butterflies.*R 

516  Identify  and  describe  ten  moths.*R 

517  Know  the  planets,  and  seven  constellations  and  their  stories.*R 

518  Make  a satisfactory  notebook  from  your  own  observations  while  on  tramps. 

This  may  be  about  stones,  birds,  trees,  streams,  erosion  of  the  earth,  or  habits 
of  animals.*R 

519  Do  all  the  work  in  a successful  garden.  This  may  be  for  use  or  beauty,  or  both.*R 

520  Keep  written  records  of  completion  of  different  divisions  of  work,  and  account 

of  expenses.*R 

521  Write  a history  (not  less  than  1,500  words)  of  your  garden  at  the  end  of  the 

season. *R 

522  Identify  ten  common  weeds;  tell  how  to  remove  and  eradicate  them.*R 

523  Identify  ten  harmful  garden  bugs  and  insects,  and  tell  how  to  combat  them.*R 

524  Raise  at  least  two  kinds  of  flowers  or  vegetables  in  accordance  with  modern 

principles,  getting  cash  results;  e.  g.,  violets,  strawberries,  celery,  mush- 
rooms. *R 

525  Have  a successful  window  garden,  properly  balanced  in  color,  or  a garden  fur- 

nishing garnishing  for  the  table.  Practical  results  must  be  secured. *r 

526  Raise  a crop  of  sweet  corn,  popcorn,  or  potatoes. *R 

527  Make  a record  of  processes,  history  of  growth,  cost,  gain  or  loss.* 

528  Raise  at  least  two  vegetables;  make  notebook  record  of  growth  and  cost.*R 

529  Can,  pickle,  and  preserve  the  product  to  an  amount  of  two  quarts  canned,  two 

quarts  pickled,  and  two  quarts  preserved. *r 
Carry  on  experimental  gardening  as  follows: 

530  (a)  Plant  a plot  of  ground  with  seed  treated  with  bacteria  solution  and  another 

plot  with  seed  not  so  treated.  Record  results  as  to  amount  of  crop,  size  of 
product,  taste,  and  palatableness. *r 

531  (b)  Plant  a plot  of  ground  with  pedigreed  seeds  and  another  with  unpedigreed 

seeds.  Record  results. *r 

532  (c)  Plant  two  plots;  treating  one  by  dry-farming  methods,  and  the  other  by 

usual  methods.  Record  results.* 

533  (d)  Make  tests  of  the  value  of  irrigation.* 

534  Distinguish  eight  varieties  of  apples,  and  tell  the  good  and  weak  points  of  each.* 

535  Be  a member  of  a Corn  and  Tomato  Canning  Club,  canning  two  dozen  quart 

jars  of  products  raised  yourself. *0 

(For  information  write  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at  Washington,  under 
whose  supervision  these  clubs  have  been  arranged.  They  aim  to  make  the  girls 
financially  independent.) 


Honors 


47 

536  Do  all  the  work  of  a successful  hive  of  bees  for  a season  and  know  the  habits  of 

honey  bees.* 

537  Demonstrate  the  nature  and  value  of  some  one  factor  in  heredity  or  environ- 

ment in  some  strain  of  animals;  e.  g.,  chickens,  dogs.  (Effect  of  health, 
breeding,  endurance,  length  of  life,  color,  form,  or  effects  of  altered  food, 
exercise,  out-of-doors.) *R 

538  Be  a member  of  a Girls’  Poultry  Club  and  clear  at  least  $10  in  one  year.*o  (See 

note  under  535.) 

539  Hatch,  and  raise  to  six  weeks,  one  dozen  chickens  from  fifteen  eggs  set  under  a 

hen.*R 

540  Distinguish  six  varieties  of  chickens,  and  tell  the  good  and  weak  points  of  each 

variety.* 

541  Distinguish  six  varieties  of  cattle,  and  tell  the  good  and  weak  points  of  each 

variety.* 

542  Have  a bird  bath  used  by  at  least  four  kinds  of  wild  birds. *R 

543  Identify  ten  varieties  of  mushrooms. *r 

544  Know  the  songs  and  calls  of  ten  different  wild  birds.*R 

545  Keep  a list,  with  dates,  of  all  wild  birds  seen  during  the  migratory  season. *R 

546  Record,  from  personal  observation,  the  food  of  six  different  wild  birds.*R 

547  Identify  ten  plants  by  their  odor.*R 

548  Identify  ten  plants  by  their  feeling.*R 

549  Identify  ten  varieties  of  cactus.*R 

550  Identify  and  describe  ten  herbs  useful  for  medicinal  or  cooking  purposes,  and 

know  the  use  of  each.*R 

551  Identify  and  describe  five  poisonous  plants.  Know  the  effect  of  and  the  remedy 

for  each.*R 

552  Plant  bulbs  three  ways:  for  outdoor  blooming,  for  indoor  blooming,  for  blooming 

in  window  boxes.*R 

553  Collect  and  identify  six  different  kinds  of  minerals.*R 

554  Identify  and  describe  five  snakes,  knowing  whether  they  are  harmless  or  harmful. 

Know  the  remedy  for  the  effects  of  the  harmful  ones.*R 

555  Discover  and  describe  the  nests  of  six  wild  birds  (location,  material,  construc- 

tion; size  and  markings  of  eggs).*R 

556  Identify  eight  birds  by  their  flight. *r 

557  Identify  and  raise  eight  different  kinds  of  caterpillars,  knowing  the  proper 

things  to  feed  each,  and  care  for  chrysalides  and  cocoons  until  they  come  out 
as  butterflies  and  moths.*R 

558  ■ Describe,  from  personal  observation,  the  home,  appearance,  and  habits  of  three 

wild  animals.*R 

559  Describe,  from  personal  observation,  five  ways  in  which  wild  creatures  predict 

the  weather.* 

Business.  Yellow  Honors. 

6cxd  Fill  a regular  position  for  four  months,  earning  ten  dollars  a week  or  less.**o 

601  Fill  a regular  position  for  four  months,  earning  more  than  ten  dollars  a week.***o 

602  Not  employed  in  regular  position,  earn  one  dollar  for  the  purchase  of  Camp  Fire 

outfit  or  dues.*o 

603  Earn  three  dollars  and  give  it  to  some  philanthropic,  church,  or  community 

interest.*© 

604  Earn  at  least  five  dollars  in  any  line  other  than  regular  employment;  e.  g,, 

chickens,  bees,  garden;  getting  subscribers  to  books,  magazines,  or  papers; 
making  and  selling  Christmas  presents;  fancy  work,  jewelry,  toys,  dolls. *a 
Note:  In  group  work  (602  & 604),  at  same  ratio  per  girl. 

60s  Save  ten  per  cent,  of  your  allowance  for  three  months.*© 

606  Make  an  article  entirely  or  in  part  in  regular  employment,  showing  skill,  speed, 

and  taste.*  to  ***** 

607  Plan  expenditure  of  family  under  heads  of  shelter,  food,  clothing,  recreation, 

miscellaneous.* 

608  Live  for  one  year  on  an  allowance  covering  all  personal  expenses.  Keep  full 

account.***** 

609  Keep  a bank  account  and  set  aside  a-definite  amount  per  month  for  a year.* 


48  Camp  Fire  Girls 

6io  Serve  as  Treasurer  of  your  Camp  Fire  or  for  any  other  organization,  really 
handling  money  for  a year,  keeping  accounts.* 

6n  Be  on  time  for  business  or  school,  morning  and  afternoon,  every  day  for  three 
months.  *o 

612  Do  not  borrow  money  or  articles  of  wearing  apparel  for  two  months.*© 

613  Attend  a class  or  lecture  at  least  four  times  each  month  for  three  months,  the 

object  being  to  make  your  services  to  your  employer  more  valuable.*R 

614  Keep  a bank  account,  either  for  yourself  or  for  some  other  person,  for  three 

months;  draw  checks,  endorse  checks,  make  deposits,  and  balance  check  book 
each  month.*  (This  refers  to  actual  money.) 

615  Describe  fully  or  write  a paper  of  not  less  than  1,500  words  on  Business  Pension 

Systems  for  Women  in  this  and  other  countries.* 

616  Describe  fully  or  write  a paper  of  not  less  than  1,500  words  on  Insurance  Systems 

for  Women  in  Industries  in  this  and  other  countries.* 

617  Describe  the  work  of  three  organizations  interested  in  labor  conditions  of  women; 

such  as  Women’s  Trades  Union  League,  National  Consumers’  League,  Na- 
tional Civic  Federation,  etc.* 

618  Describe  fully  or  write  a paper  of  not  less  than  1,500  words  on  your  state  labor 

laws  affecting  women,  girls,  and  children,  including  age  restrictions,  hours  of 
labor,  wages,  etc.,  making  suggestions  for  amendments  to  improve  working 
conditions  in  your  own  community.* 

619  Describe  fully  or  write  a paper  of  not  less  than  1, 000  words  on  your  state  laws 

affecting  the  property  rights  of  women.* 

620  Write  at  a regulaf  Camp  Fire  meeting:* 

1.  A business  letter  ordering  a list  of  books;  also  make  application  for  the  money 
order  to  be  enclosed. 

2.  A telegram  of  a business  nature,  general  contents  to  be  given  by  the  Guardian. 

3.  An  application  for  a position  as  clerk  in  a department  store. 

621  Write  500  words  on  a typewriter  from  a daily  paper  in  ten  minutes  without 

mistakes.* 

622  Write,  from  dictation,  twenty  letters  in  shorthand,  and  transcribe  notes  at  a 

rate  not  less  than  30  words  a minute.* 

623  Go  away  on  a vacation  of  not  less  than  one  week  on  money  you  have  earned.*© 

624  Get  three  new  subscriptions  to  Wohelo.*r 

625  Serve  as  satisfactory  Secretary  to  your  Camp  Fire  for  one  year.* 

626  Gather  five  thousand  galyx  leaves  (a  mountain  industry). *r 

Patriotism.  Red,  White,  and  Blue  Honors. 

700  Participate  in  organizing  and  carrying  through  a proper  celebration  of  any 

national  holiday.  In  each  case  the  history  of  the  day  must  be  known. *r 

701  Organize  and  take  part  in  a proper  celebration  of  some  historical  event  of  local 

or  national  significance.*R 

702  Contribute  some  service  to  your  community  in  connection  with  street  cleaning.* 

703  Beautifying  front  yards.* 

704  Conservation  of  streams.* 

705  Conservation  of  birds.* 

706  Conservation  of  tree  or  forests.* 

707  Do  voluntary  work  for  three  months  in  connection  wtih  a playground,  a settle- 

ment, or  an  organization  such  as  Organized  Charities,  Children’s  Aid  Society, 
or  similar  local  organization.* 

708  Tell  the  history  of  your  own  locality  and  what  occurred  on  each  historical  spot.* 

709  Tell  the  history  and  meaning  of  the  National  Flag  and  of  the  flag  of  the  country 

from  which  your  ancestors  came.* 

710  Know  the  flags  and  the  rulers  of  ten  nations.* 

711  Buy  and  own  a genuinely  Indian  made  article;  basket,  bead  work,  silvet  work, 

pottery,  stone  work,  blanket;  know  to  what  tribe  its  maker  belongs,  what 
materials  were  used  in  its  construction,  and  how  it  was  made.*o  (The  best 
way  to  help  an  Indian  girl  or  woman  is  to  buy  the  things  she  makes.  It 
means  food  and  clothing  to  her  and  her  family.) 

712  Know  the  location,  history,  and  present  condition,  both  economic  and  religious, 

of  the  tribe  where  your  Indian  article  was  made.* 


7 IZ 


Call 

Number 


V iTO 


Overdue  books  are  subject  to 
a fine  of  2 cents  a day. 

Author 

Title 


Name 

Address 

Univ.  of  111.  Lib.  CaU  Slip 


lOOM— 3-32— 2082-S 


Call 

Number 


On  F 


U i,-  3. 

Overdue  books  are  subject  to 
a fine  of  2 cents  a day. 


Author, 

Title...... 


Name 

Address 

Univ.  of  IlL  Lib.  CaU  Slip 


lOOM— 3-32— 2082-S 


713 

714 

715 

7i6 

717 

7i8 

719 

720 

721 

722 

723 

724 

72s 

726 

727 

728 

729 

730 

731 

732 

733 

734 

735 

736 

737 

738 

739 

740 

741 

742 

743 

744 

745 

746 


Honors 


49 


Know  the  uses  and  meaning  of  the  design  or  symbols  used  (if  possible),  or  some- 
thing of  the  ceremony  in  which  it  is  used,  if  it  is  a ceremonial  basket,  of  your 
Indian  article. *0 

Be  able  to  sing  six  genuine  Indian  or  Camp  Fire  songs  at  Camp  Fire  gathering.*R 
Be  able  to  tell  six  Indian  legends  at  Camp  Fire  gatherings. *r 
Know  the  meaning  of  ten  Indian  symbols  or  designs. *r 

Be  able  to  name  the  Indian  tribes  which  originally  inhabited  your  State,  the 
tribes,  and  number  of  members  now  living  there,  and  their  economic  and 
religious  condition.* 

Give  brief  accounts  of  the  lives  and  activities  of  five  great  or  well-known  In- 
dians, men  or  women. *r 

Be  able  to  distinguish  from  each  other  the  baskets  of  ten  diflPerent  Indian 
tribes.*** 

An  honor  in  patriotism  may  be  given  to: 

Each  Camp  Fire  Girl  who  participates  in  giving  a party  or  dance  in  which  the 
girls  and  boys  are  about  equal  in  number  and  in  which  at  least  two  of  the  fol- 
lowing dances  are  learned  and  danced  by  all:  Virginia  Reel,  Portland  Fancy, 
Lady  of  the  Lake,  Howe’s  (or  Hull’s)  Victory,  Pop  Goes  the  Weasel,  Chorus 
Jig,  Lancers,  Boston  Fancy,  French  Reel,  German  Hopping  Dance,  Varsou- 
vienne,  Furetur,  Gottland’s  Quadrille.  This  honor  may  be  repeated  four 
times  in  any  one  year,  provided  new  dances  are  used  each  time.*R 
Prepare  plans  designed  to  improve  the  conditions  under  which  girls  work  in  your 
community.* 

Be  familiar  with  your  national  history  as  it  affects  woman’s  welfare.* 

Pass  a satisfactory  examination  upon  “The  New  Relation  of  Woman  to  the 
World.”*  (See  WapaNo.  I.) 

State  the  location  and  function  of  ten  institutions,  public  and  private,  in  your 
community,  for  all  kinds  of  relief  and  betterment.* 

State  two  public  services  done  for  the  people  of  your  locality  by  the  federal 
government,  and  by  the  city  or  township  government.* 

Write  a paper  of  not  less  than  1,500  words  describing  present  immigration  to  this 
country,  its  advantages  and  disadvantages,  and  some  of  the  problems  created 
thereby.** 

State  the  laws  in  regard  to  fire  protection  of  public  places  in  your  locality.* 
Describe  Boards  of  Health  and  Labor  Department  requirements  affecting 
ventilation  and  sanitation  in  stores  and  factories  employing  girls  and  women 
in  your  State.* 

Teach  a class  of  not  less  than  three,  once  a week,  for  eight  months,  in  connection 
with  a church,  tabernacle,  settlement,  Young  Women’s  Christian  Association, 
Young  Women’s  Hebrew  Association,  or  other  educational  or  social  institu- 
tion.*0 

Belong  to  such  a class  for  eight  months  and  miss  not  more  than  five  meetings.*© 
Attend  any  religious  service  ten  Sabbaths  in  three  months.*© 

Give  brief  accounts  of  the  life  and  service  of; 

Five  religious  leaders.* 

Five  missionaries.* 

Five  educators.* 

Five  great  women.* 

Five  statesmen.* 

Five  scientists.* 

Three  inventors.* 

Five  musicians.* 

Five  artists.* 

Identify  three  masterpieces  of  each  of  five  well-known  artists.* 

The  same  for  five  musicians.* 

Give  the  history  of  five  great  heroes  of  your  own  race.* 

Commit  to  memory  the  preamble  to  the  Constitution,  Lincoln’s  Gettysburg 
Address,  and  the  first  two  paragraphs  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.* 
Commit  to  memory  one  hundred  verses  of  the  Bible  or  an  equal  amount  of  other 
sacred  literature,  as  hymns,  Thomas  a Kempis,  etc.*R 
Lead  a mission  study  class,  organized  in  connection  with  some  religious  institu- 
tion, three  times.*©  * 


50 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

747  Fill  the  oflBce  of  Secretary  or  Librarian  in  a Sunday  School  for  one  year.* 

748  Out  of  boys  or  girls  not  formerly  members  of  any  Sunday  School,  create  a class 
^ and  maintain  it,  acting  as  its  teacher  for  six  months.* 

749  For  one  term,  be  an  officer  in  the  Christian  Endeavor  Society,  Epworth  League, 

or  similar  organization.* 

750  Read  a chapter  of  the  Bible  or  other  religious  literature  every  day  for  three 

months. *R 

751  Know  and  sing  eight  standard  hymns  of  the  church. *0 

752  Take  care  of  small  children  on  ten  different  occasions,  thereby  making  it  pos- 

sible for  the  mothers  to  attend  meetings.*o 

753  Attend  a course  of  study  or  lectures  with  a view  to  preparation  for  a distinct 

type  of  service  within  a religious  organization.* 

754  On  two  occasions,  take  part  in  a public  and  dramatic  representation  of  Biblical 

scenes  such  as  “Ruth  and  Naomi. ”*o 

755  Give  ten  hours  of  actual  work  in  voluntary  service  to  Organized  Charities  or 

some  other  charity  organization,  outside  of  regular  employment.* 

756  Get  five  members  for  the  American  Red  Cross  Society.* 

757  Do  some  actual  service  in  connection  with  Red  Cross  or  some  organized  society 

for  relief  work,  for  at  least  two  months. *0 

758  Identify  and  destroy  two  hundred  egg  masses  of  the  apple  tree  or  forest  tree 

caterpillar.*R 

759  Identify  and  destroy  two  hundred  cocoons  of  the  white  marked  tussock  or  the 

gypsy  moth.*R 

760  Read  complete  poem  of  Hiawatha  and  learn  fifty  lines  of  it.* 

761  Sing  with  motions  three  of  the  official  Camp  Fire  songs.* 

762  Swat  at  least  twenty-five  flies  every  day  for  one  month. *0 

763  Know  the  names,  homes,  and  occupations  of  grandparents  and  great-grand- 

parents; this  to  include  the  maiden  names  of  the  grandmothers  and  great- 
grandmothers.* 


National  Honors 

Special  decorations  for  the  ceremonial  gown  have  been  adopted  for 
reward  to  those  who  make  contributions  which  will  help  in  the  dis- 
tinctive work  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls,  such  as  original  ideas  in  craft 
work,  songs,  poems,  plays,  drawings,  photographs,  stories,  counts 
kept  or  decorated  in  particularly  beautiful  or  original  ways,  head- 
bands,  attractive  ways  of  wearing  honors,  and  suggestions  as  to  the 
design  of  clothing  or  other  articles  for  use. 

Each  article  must  be  approved  by  the  Guardian,  and  sent,  by  her, 
to  the  National  Honor  department  at  Headquarters.  It  should  be 
plainly  marked  with  the  name  and  address  of  the  Guardian  who 
sends  it  as  well  as  that  of  the  girl.  Guardians  should  set  high  stan- 
dards for  National  Honors  by  sending  only  the  best  work  of  the  girls. 

It  is  not  enough  that  the  article  shall  be  excellent.  It  must  also 
pertain  in  some  direct  way  to  the  Camp  Fire  Girls;  no  matter  how 
beautiful  the  decoration,  the  work  can  only  receive  an  honor  if  such 
decoration  is  related  in  some  direct  way  to  Camp  Fire  Girls.  General 
photographs,  pieces  of  handwork,  songs,  etc.,  will  not  be  given  honors. 


Honors  5 1 

no  matter  how  excellent  they  are.  National  Honors  are  given  for 
Camp  Fire  material. 

National  Honors  are  graded  as  follows: 

*(i)  The  “Uta’*  Honor,  meaning  effort.  Given  for  sincere, 
worthwhile  effort. 

*(2)  The  “ Keda”  Honor,  meaning  to  think  hard.  Given  for  work 
showing  deep  thought  and  excellence. 

(3)  The  “Shuta”  Honor,  meaning  to  create.  Given  for  material 
which  can  be  used,  in  part,  or  which  can  be  adapted  for  use,  in  the 
national  work,  or  which  shows  especially  fine  Camp  Fire  spirit. 

(4)  The  “Wakan”  Honor,  meaning  inspiration.  Given  for  articles 
or  suggestions  of  excellent  quality  which  are  acceptable  for  use  in 
WoHELO,  the  Manual,  or  for  decorations  or  craft  work  showing 
unusual  ability  or  skill. 

The  designs  on  the  National  Honors  are  symbolic  of  the  achieve- 
ment for  which  each  honor  is  awarded.  They  are  divided  into  four 
classes: 

1.  Photography;  the  symbol  for  eye  with  three  rays  of  light. 

2.  Music  and  Song;  a symbol  for  eagle  and  the  eagle’s  song. 

3.  Decoration  and  Hand  Craft;  Indian  symbol  for  woman’s  dress. 

4.  Written  Thought;  two  Indian  leaf  symbols. 

Upon  the  Wakan  Honor  are  also  painted  the  three  flames  of  Work, 
Health,  and  Love,  within  the  circle  which  represents  Camp  Fire. 

A girl  cannot  win  two  honors  in  the  same  class  unless  they  are 
Wakans;  the  latter  may  be  won  any  number  of  times  in  each  class. 

In  submitting  the  article,  the  Guardian  should  always  give  the 
following  information: 

(a)  Name  and  address  of  the  girl. 

(b)  Age  of  the  girl. 

(c)  How  long  she  has  been  a Camp  Fire  girl. 

(d)  Any  circumstances  in  the  life,  environment,  or  education  of  the 
girl  which  will  help  the  Committee  in  reaching  a fair  decision. 

In  sending  poems,  songs,  or  stories,  the  Guardian  should  select 
those  which  pertain  to  Camp  Fire  work,  or  which  bring  out  the  Camp 
Fire  spirit. 

* Because  of  the  volume  of  clerical  work  involved,  these  honors  have  been  omitted 
for  the  duration  of  the  war.*  ' 


52  Camp  Fire  Girls 

In  taking  photographs,  which  you  purpose  to  submit  to  the  Na- 
tional Honor  Committee,  it  is  well  to  remember  the  following  points: 

(a)  Do  not  look  at  the  camera. 

(b)  Take  silhouettes;  i.e.,  figures  outlined  against  the  sky. 

(c)  Each  photograph  should  tell  a story;  mere  groups  are  of  no 
interest  to  others. 

(d)  Good  indoor  pictures  are  especially  wanted;  e.g.,  girls  working 
out  any  of  the  Elective  Honors,  etc. 

(e)  Shiny  prints  reproduce  best. 

If  some  special  picture  presents  itself,  it  is  sometimes  better  to 
get  a reliable  photographer.  The  honor  is  then  given  for  the  inspir- 
ation and  creative  thought  shown. 

Photographs  sent  to  Nahequa  become  the  property  of  Camp  Fire 
Girls,  Inc.,  unless  return  is  requested. 

Articles  awarded  Shuta  or  Wakan  Honors  are  usually  exhibited  for 
a month  or  more  at  Headquarters,  after  which  they  are  returned  to 
their  respective  owners. 

Articles  receiving  Uta  or  Keda  Honors  are  returned  as  soon  as 
possible  after  being  passed  by  the  Committee. 

National  Honors  are  not  given  for  things  done  by  individual 
girls  which  cannot  be  submitted  to  the  Committee  in  tangible  form; 
as,  for  instance,  a successful  recital.  Honors  are  not  given  for 
descriptions  or  drawings  or  pictures  of  gowns,  headbands,  etc.  The 
Committee  must  see  the  work  for  which  recognition  is  claimed. 

When  a Guardian  submits  her  own  work,  she  should  so  state. 

Return  postage  must  be  enclosed  if  the  sender  wishes  the  parcel 
returned. 

Be  sure  to  address  all  packages  and  communications  pertaining  to 
National  Honors  to  the  National  Honor  Committee,  Camp  Fire 
Girls,  461  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


CHAPTER  V 


PROGRAMS,  GAMES,  AND  ENTERTAINMENTS 

Many  Camp  Fires  meet  oftener  than  once  a week  because  the  girls 
enjoy  getting  together  and  are  enthusiastic  about  what  they  are  doing. 
A well-planned  meeting  once  a week,  however,  is  quite  enough.  The 
possibilities  for  the  weekly  meetings  are  inexhaustible.  As  there  are 
over  six  hundred  honors  to  be  won,  there  is  no  lack  of  material  with 
which  to  work. 

The  Guardian  should  work  through  the  girls.  Her  duties  are  to 
advise,  direct  councils,  and  guide  the  work. 

The  Council  Fire  is  described  in  detail  on  pages  68-82. 

It  is  helpful  if  each  meeting  is  planned  so  that  the  group  may  win 
together  some  definite  honor;  for  example,  walking  honor  No.  228. 
Try  to  get  outside  help  that  is  of  particular  value  to  the  activity  en- 
gaged in;  for  instance,  if  you  are  planning  a course  in  First  Aid,  secure 
assistance  if  possible  from  a doctor  or  nurse,  or  if  you  are  at  work  on 
costumes,  a costume  designer  or  some  one  with  a good  sense  of  color 
combination  might  be  consulted.  Guardians  are  not  expected  to  have 
complete  knowledge  of  the  detail  of  all  the  activities  of  Camp 
Fire. 

To  plan  meetings  especially  to  answer  the  needs  and  demands  of 
the  girls  is  more  advisable  than  to  follow  any  set  program  as  outlined 
in  books.  Study  your  community,  find  the  places  of  interest  and  the 
help  that  mothers  and  friends  can  give  in  carrying  out  the  programs 
of  the  Camp  Fire,  and  arrange  your  work  accordingly. 

Outlined  Programs 

Group  1.  First  Meeting.  Preliminary  meeting  with  girls. 
Present  Camp  Fire  idea.  Have  Camp  Fire  literature  (Manual, 
‘Wohelo,”  Symbol  Book,  Name  Book)  to  show  them.  Discuss  the 
Manual  and  the  system  of  honor  beads  and  also  the  type  of  girls 
wanted  in  Camp  Fire.  Combine  these  talks  with  some  activity  such 
as  a hike. 

Second  Meeting.  Explain  the  significance  and  importance  of 

53 


54  Camp  Fire  Girls 

Camp  Fire  ceremonials  and  symbolism.  Explain  what  it  means  for 
Camp  Fire  Girls  to  have  a National  Organization 

Third  Meeting.  Put  the  question  “Do  you  girls  want  Camp 
Fire  or  not?”  Camp  Fire  is  for  the  girls  and  is  carried  on  by  the  girls 
with  the  Guardian  as  friend  and  counsellor.  Organize,  appoint 
officers  and  committees,  such  as  Secretary,  Treasurer,  Program 
Committee,  Entertainment  Committee,  Hike  Committee.  Discuss 
program  for  the  year.  Outline  and  draw  up  programs  for  perhaps 
two  months  at  a time.  Learn  the  cheers  (see  page  144). 

Fourth  Meeting.  Arrange  a good  hike.  Plan  special  feature 
(see  hiking  suggestions).  Introduce  Minute  Girl  program  (see  p.  ix). 

Fifth  Meeting.  Plan  name,  headband,  and  arrange  for  cere- 
monial gown.  Procure  for  the  meeting  all  of  the  latest  literature  on 
symbolism,  decorations,  etc.  Consult  the  Manual  on  ceremonial 
gown  and  symbolism.  (See  pp.  125,  135).  Have  bead  looms,  beads, 
and  cross-section  paper  ready  for  use.  Explain  importance  of  sym- 
bolism, how  it  expresses  personality,  etc. 

Sixth  Meeting.  Continue  the  program  of  the  previous  meeting. 
Individual  help  is  required  for  these  meetings.  Try  to  procure  an 
assistant  who  has  had  art  training. 

Seventh  Meeting.  A short  time  should  be  given  at  each  meeting 
to  learning  the  songs  and  ritual.  All  must  know  the  candle  ceremony 
with  its  laws,  and  the  Camp  Fire  songs. 

Eighth  Meeting.  Have  a Council  Fire  (See  Council  Fire  Sug- 
gestions). 

Group  2.  Direct  the  activities  of  the  Camp  Fire  toward  some 
definite  end.  Develop  team  spirit,  especially  in  winning  honors  in 
Handcraft,  Camp  Craft,  and  First  Aid.  Emphasize  the  winning  of 
outdoor  honors. 

First  Meeting.  Earn  Babycraft  honors  82,  83,  and  84.  Sugges- 
tion: Invite  a mother  with  baby  to  the  meeting  and  bathe  and  put 
the  baby  to  bed.  (Part  of  Honor  42.) 

Second  Meeting.  Complete  honor  42  by  making  a bed  with  draw 
sheet.  Suggestion:  Have  girls  do  this  in  pairs.  Procure  a nurse  to 
assist.  Commence  with  bandaging  or  some  such  simple  First  Aid  work. 

Third  Meeting.  Earn  Honors  61  and  62.  Suggestion:  Have  a 


Programs,  Games,  and  Entertainments  55 

little  sketch  in  pantomime  that  has  to  do  with  the  common  symptoms 
of  certain  diseases.  Prepare  invalid^s  tray  for  refreshments.  Honor  9. 

Fourth  Meeting.  Outdoor  hike.  Learn  to  make  three  different 
kinds  of  fires.  (See  chapter  on  Fire  Lore  or  Cooking.) 

Fifth  Meeting.  Plan  further  decoration  of  ceremonial  costume. 
Discuss  arrangement  of  beads.  Practise  songs. 

Sixth  Meeting.  Council  Fire. 

Seventh  Meeting.  Prepare  a meal  for  Camp  Fire  out-of-doors 
or  indoors.  This  is  the  first  requirement  for  Fire  Maker. 

Eighth  Meeting.  Win  Honor  74  (party). 

General  Suggestions.  Hiking.  The  program  for  a walking 
trip  should  be  planned  as  carefully  as  any  other  program.  Appoint 
certain  girls  to  give  orders.  March  in  units.  Have  interesting 
things  to  do  on  each  walk;  for  example,  a Bird  Game.  This  is  played 
as  follows:  a list  is  made  of  birds  that  the  girls  are  to  look  for; 
two  points  are  given  to  the  girl  who  first  sees  a robin,  five  points  to 
the  girl  who  first  sees  a bluebird,  etc.,  and  ten  points  for  a bird  not 
listed.  A local  honor  might  be  given  to  the  girl  who  wins  the  greatest 
number  of  points.  Similar  games  could  be  used  in  connection  with 
trees  and  flowers.  Exploration  trips  are  interesting,  visits  to  his- 
toric places  or  to  factories.  A walk  could  be  combined  with  tracking 
or  playing  games  such  as  Hare  and  Hound,  Hunt  the  Rabbit,  and 
Follow  the  Leader. 

Suggestions  for  a Weekly  Meeting  Devoted  to  Craft  Work. 

Decorated  cheese  boxes  make  delightful  receptacles  to  use  in  place  of 
sewing  bags.  They  come  in  sets  of  six  of  varying  sizes,  and  are 
inexpensive.  Smooth  the  box  with  fine  sandpaper,  paint  or  stain  a 
neutral  color,  then  paint  on  it  your  symbol  in  a brighter,  contrasting 
color.  To  preserve  the  paint,  apply  a coat  of  shellac  after  the  paint 
is  dry. 

Woodblocking  and  stencilling  play  a fascinating  part  in  craft  work, 
and  either  may  be  used  in  decorating  the  ceremonial  costume.  In 
wood  blocking,  the  design  to  be  used  is  carved  in  a piece  of  pine  or 
sweet  gum  wood  or  heavy  plain  brown  linoleum  which  is  afterward 
glued  on  a block  of  wood.  The  part  to  be  printed  is  left  high,  and  the 


S6  Camp  Fire  Girls 

rest  cut  down  at  least  one-eighth  of  an  inch,  except  in  the  case  of 
fine  material  such  as  chiffon.  The  material  to  be  stamped  should  be 
stretched  over  a pad,  made  by  covering  a smooth  board  with  news- 
papers and  tacking  white  muslin  over  it.  Use  Devoe’s  oil  paint.  The 
mordant  to  be  mixed  with  the  paint  consists  of  turpentine  mixed  with 
one-eighth  part  acetic  acid  and  one-eighth  part  wintergreen.  The 
acetic  acid  sets  the  color  so  that  the  material  may  be  washed  after  the 
paint  is  thoroughly  dry,  and  the  wintergreen  helps  to  neutralize  the 
odor  of  the  turpentine  and  acid.  The  block  is  painted  with  a flat 
brush,  placed  on  the  material,  and  pressed  evenly  with  the  palm  of 
the  hand.  By  repeating  the  design,  an  artistic  border  can  be  given 
to  any  material. 

Stencilling  gives  much  the  same  effect  as  woodblocking,  but  it  is  not 
quite  as  interesting.  The  designs  are  cut  out  of  stencil  board,  heavy 
oiled  paper,  or  brown  paper  which  is  afterward  shellaced.  This  is 
tacked  on  to  the  material  and  the  design  painted  in.  The  material 
is  treated  in  much  the  same  way  as  in  woodblocking.  Care  must  be 
taken  not  to  have  the  brush  too  wet.  By  mixing  the  ordinary  com- 
mercial dyes  according  to  the  principles  used  in  water-color  painting, 
beautiful  colors  can  be  made  for  dyeing  scarfs,  curtains,  etc.  Some 
Camp  Fire  girls  dye  their  own  material  before  they  woodblock  or 
stencil  it. 

Wooden  spoons  may  also  be  carved  or  painted  and  charmingly 
decorated  with  symbols  telling  some  interesting  episodes  in  camp  life. 

Leather  work.  Attractive  traveling  cases  for  toilet  articles,  book 
covers,  bags,  card  cases,  and  mats  can  be  made  out  of  scrap  leather. 
(This  may  be  either  secured  from  a local  dealer  or  the  Camp  Fire 
Outfitting  Company  will  sell  these  scraps  from  two  to  ten  inches  in 
length  in  pound  packages  at  a moderate  cost.)  After  the  leather  is 
dampened,  symbols  can  be  worked  in  attractive  designs  by  the  use  of 
orangewood  sticks. 

Suggestions  for  Crafts:  Health  Craft,  (i)  Hiking.  Hike  to 
beat  a previous  record.  (2)  Folk  Dancing.  Combine  with  picnic. 
{3)  Have  tennis  tournaments  made  up  of  girls  within  the  group. 
Challenge  other  groups.  Do  the  same  in  connection  with  hockey  and 
other  games. 


Programs,  Games,  and  Entertainments  57 

Home  Craft,  (i)  Each  mother  might  be  responsible  for  teaching 
certain  home  craft  honors.  (2)  Divide  the  Camp  Fire  into  groups  of 
three,  each  group  being  responsible  for  a meal  in  some  home.  (3) 
Have  a stocking  darning  bee  for  some  mother  with  a large  family, 
{4)  Visit  wholesale  grocery  houses,  markets,  and  interesting  local 
concerns. 

Camp  Craft,  (i)  Tie  the  girls  together  with  different  kinds  of 
knots  in  the  undoing  of  which  they  may  learn  Honor  323.  (2)  Go 

for  an  all-night  trip,  sleeping  and  cooking  out  in  the  open.  (See 
chapter  on  Hikes  and  Camping.)  (3)  Go  for  a picnic,  divide  girls  up 
into  squads  and  each  build  fires  in  different  ways  and  use  different 
devices  for  cooking.  (4)  For  amusement,  suggest  to  the  girls  the 
acting  out  of  folk  stories  and  impromptu  “stunts.’*  This  is  a good 
opportunity  to  try  out  things  which  can  be  used  on  other  occasions. 

Hand  Craft,  (i)  Experienced  Camp  Fire  Girls  might  spend  the 
time  at  their  weekly  meetings  in  decorating  and  woodblocking  evening 
gowns,  scarfs,  and  smocks,  or  in  trimming  hats.  (2)  Decorate  a 
Camp  Fire  room.  Stencil  or  woodblock  symbolic  patterns  on  cur- 
tains, pillows,  and  table  covers.  Be  sure  to  get  the  advice  of  an  artist, 
if  possible,  before  undertaking  such  work.  (3)  Encourage  girls  to 
make  their  own  Count  or  Record  Books.  Make  tooled  or  cut  leather 
covers  or  use  colored  burlap  over  cardboard.  A very  attractive  cover 
can  also  be  made  with  common  brown  wrapping  paper.  (4)  Encour- 
age the  girls  to  use  symbolism  in  all  handcraft  work  and  not  to  think 
of  it  as  something  only  for  the  ceremonial  gown. 

Nature  Lore,  (i)  Combine  all  Nature  Lore  activities  with 
Health  and  Camp  activities.  On  all-night  trips,  or  on  evening  walks 
star  lore  can  be  made  interesting.  (2)  In  Spring,  encourage  commun- 
ity movements  for  better  gardens,  flower  shows  and  community 
fireplaces.  (3)  Such  honors  as  547  and  548  can  be  made  interesting 
by  being  used  for  competition  at  parties.  (4)  As  a guessing  game  at 
a party  use  Honors  534,  522,  504,  etc. 

Business,  (i)  Plan  a meeting,  arranging  the  place  in  the  style  of 
a bank  and  Post  Office  combined.  Have  officers  assigned  and  the 
girls  apply  for  positions.  Draw  checks,  send  telegrams,  and  fill  out 
money  orders.  Have  girls  dressed  as  telegraph  messengers  delivering 
telegrams,  and  knowing  approximately  telegraph  rates  to  the  largest 


'58  Camp  Fire  Girls 

cities.  (2)  To  make  such  honors  as  616,  617,  and  618  more  interest- 
ing, arrange  a debate.  This  can  be  done  with  many  of  the  patriotic 
honors. 

Patriotism,  (i)  Hold  a session  of  court  and  try  an  offender  for 
breaking  fire  laws  and  factory  employment  laws.  (See  Honors  727, 
728).  (2)  Learn  five  patriotic  songs  and  improvise  motions.  (3) 

Work  out  in  pantomime  interesting  patriotic  events  of  past  or  present 
history.  (4)  Demonstrate  First  Aid  to  the  wounded.  (5)  Dramatize 
and  act  Edward  Everett  Hale’s  “The  Man  Without  a Country.” 
(6)  Improve  local  surroundings  for  the  prevention  of  diseases.  (7) 
Transform  an  unsightly  piece  of  ground  into  a flower  garden  or  pro- 
ductive vegetable  garden. 

What  to  do  at  Mothers’  Meeting 

1.  Entertain  them  with  the  help  of  the  girls,  working  at  special 
honors  that  will  please  the  mothers;  for  instance,  preparing  an  inva- 
lid’s tray  attractively,  letting  a mother  play  the  role  of  the  invalid. 
Work  out  other  honors  in  the  same  way. 

2.  Let  the  girls  prepare  an  entertainment  showing  what  they  can  do 
in  the  way  of  reciting,  playing  upon  musical  instruments,  or  acting. 

3.  Hold  an  exhibition  for  the  mothers  on  what  the  girls  have  done 
since  they  became  Camp  Fire  Girls,  the  girls  serving  tea  and  acting  as 
hostesses. 

4.  Hold  an  open  meeting,  asking  the  mothers  to  bring  their  friends, 
and  tell  them  what  Camp  Fire  has  done  as  a whole.  Read  to  them 
part  of  the  Wapas  which  can  be  procured  from  the  Camp  Fire  Out- 
fitting Company,  or  extracts  from  the  magazine  and  Count  Book. 

5.  Let  the  mothers  take  part  by  having  each  mother  tell  what 
Camp  Fire  has  done  for  her  girls. 

6.  Ask  a committee  of  mothers  to  tell  now  they  can  best  help  the 
girls  themselves  by  becoming  an  advisory  board  and  teaching  their 
special  talent  to  the  girls.  A mother  who  knows  how  to  cook  well 
could  give  the  girls  suggestions  on  cooking;  a seamstress  or  dress- 
maker, suggestions  on  sewing,  and  so  on.  These  are  a few  ways  in 
which  mothers  can  be  interested  in  Camp  Fire.  The  more  they  are 
made  to  feel  they  are  a necessary  part,  the  more  successful  will  be  the 
Camp  Fire. 


Programs,  Games,  and  Entertainments  59 

Suggestions  for  Minute  Girl  Program.  Select  a program 
covering  a certain  number  of  requirements  to  be  passed  by  all  in 
Health,  First  Aid,  Emergency,  Cooking,  and  Patriotism.  The  girls 
can  take  turns  in  demonstrating  their  knowledge.  First  Hike — two 
girls  could  demonstrate  one  or  two  requirements  connected  with 
First  Aid,  such  as  the  bandaging  of  a sprained  ankle  or  the  care  of  a 
person  with  a sun  stroke.  These  can  be  done  as  impromptu  “ stunts.*’ 
Two  other  girls  could  be  prepared  to  demonstrate  their  knowledge  of 
emergency  cooking.  One  girl  might  be  appointed  cheer  leader  and 
should  use  all  the  ingenuity  she  has  to  make  the  girls  sing  and  really 
enjoy  it.  Another  girl  might  be  commander-in-chief  of  the  expedition 
and  should  be  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  simple  marching 
commands,  the  distance  to  be  covered,  the  amount  of  walking  the 
Camp  Fire  is  able  to  stand.  She  should  order  rest  periods  and  be 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  territory  to  be  covered  by  the  hike. 
It  is  a good  thing  to  make  a map  of  the  ground  to  be  covered.  Many 
other  duties  might  be  assigned.  The  girls  might  be  appointed  in 
rotation  to  carry  out  the  requirements  selected  by  the  Guardian  for 
the  Minute  Girl  Program.  A high  standard  should  be  kept  and  a 
girl  should  not  be  promoted  to  another  duty  until  she  has  thoroughly 
fulfilled  the  last  duty  assigned.  For  further  suggestions  see  Minute 
Girl  Program. 

Business  Meetings.  All  business  should  be  conducted  at  the 
Business  meeting  and  not  at  the  Council.  It  is  not  always  necessary 
to  have  a business  meeting  once  a month.  This  meeting  might  be 
called  by  the  Guardian  or  Secretary.  Consideration  of  how  to  raise 
money  for  necessary  Camp  Fire  expenses  should  be  taken  up  at  the 
business  meetings.  This  is  also  the  time  to  see  that  honors  are  re- 
corded in  the  Record  Book  and  that  the  Count  is  carefully  in- 
scribed. 

Parliamentary  rules  should  be  carefully  studied.  Girls  should  be- 
come just  as  familiar  with  the  rules  and  order  of  business  meetings  as 
they  are  with  the  Camp  Fire  Law.  The  following  program  is  sug- 
gested for  a Business  Meeting,  (i)  Call  to  order  by  the  President. 
(2)  Wohelo  Song.  (3)  Roll  Call.  (4)  Minutes  of  last  meeting. 
(5)  Treasurer’s  report.  (6)  Old  Business.  (7)  New  Business. 


TRBIHfcT'  HRHO^  HHV  FINGER 


62 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

(8)  Reports  of  Committees.  (9)  Recording  of  Honors  in  Record 
Book  and  decorating  of  Count.  (10)  Adjournment. 

Each  Camp  Fire  would  find  it  helpful  to  have  in  addition  to  the 
Record  Book  a Business  Record  Book  in  which  only  business  matters 
are  recorded.  Definite  spaces  could  be  given  to  the  date  of  organiza- 
tion, the  date  on  which  dues  become  payable,  date  on  which  dues  are 
paid,  etc.  All  receipts  could  be  kept  in  a paper  pocket  or  envelope 
pasted  in  the  Business  Record  Book.  Records  carefully  kept  in  this 
way  will  enable  the  girls  to  know  just  where  they  stand  financially  at 
any  time,  and  avert  misunderstanding  in  regard  to  dues  and  date  of 
payment. 

Honors,  counts,  etc.,  should  be  recorded  in  the  regular  Record  Book. 

The  Guardian  is  a member  of  the  Business  Meeting  and  has  a right 
to  vote  on  all  matters  brought  before  the  meeting,  her  vote  to  be 
counted  just  as  is  that  of  other  members  of  the  Camp  Fire.  The 
Guardian  is  the  official  of  the  Camp  Fire  who  is  recognized  at  Nahequa 
and  is  responsible  to  Nahequa. 

Money  should  be  deposited  in  the  bank  in  the  name  of  the  Camp 
Fire  and  each  check  should  be  signed  by  the  Guardian  and  treasurer 
of  the  Camp  Fire.  The  money  belongs  to  the  Camp  Fire  and  cannot 
be  expended  without  the  vote  of  the  Camp  Fire. 


Games 

Games  should  cultivate  fair  play  and  honesty,  quick  sight,  memory, 
keen  sense  of  touch  and  sound.  They  should  develop  the  spirit  of 
‘‘give  and  take”  and  the  girls  should  be  made  to  realize  that  health 
and  vigor  are  derived  from  playing  games  that  require  physical  action, 
as  well  as  the  joy  of  winning  and  the  social  benefits.  Every  Camp 
Fire  should  possess  a good  book  of  games.  Two  points  to  remember 
in  supervising  games  are: 

1.  To  test  the  game,  secure  a clear  knowledge  of  it. 

2.  To  give  simple,  clear  instructions. 

Athletic  Games. — Games  of  this  type  are  the  most  popular. 
They  develop  strength,  alertness,  and  endurance.  Health  Craft 
Honors  205  and  206  belong  to  this  class.  Sports  such  as  mountain 
climbing,  cross-country  hikes,  sailing,  skating,  and  snowshoeing  prove 


Camp  Fire  Girls  making  bird  houses 


The  Hand  Sign  of  the  Fire 


Programs,  Games,  and  Entertainments  63 

of  the  same  physical  benefit  without  quite  so  much  of  the  element  of 
competition. 

Team  Games.  A Camp  Fire  forms  a splendid  team  for  competing 
with  other  Camp  Fires.  Combined  effort  to  achieve  the  same  end 
is  the  principle  involved  in  all  team  games,  and  it  is  of  particular 
advantage  for  girls  to  develop  this  spirit.  Girls  should  be  provided 
with  games  and  activities  where  they  learn  to  be  a part  of  a whole. 
Boys  and  men  get  this  training  in  games  a^nd  later  on  in  business,  but 
girls’  team  work  stops  soon  after  they  leave  school  unless  they,  too, 
enter  the  business  profession.  Team  games,  such  as  hockey,  volley 
ball,  basket-ball,  archery,  baseball,  soccer,  prisoner’s  base,  and 
captain  ball  are  used  extensively  in  Camp  Fire  circles.  The  following 
is  an  example  of  a team  game  that  offers  great  opportunity  for  in- 
genuity and  for  adventure.  It  can  be  amplified,  but  it  is  given  here 
in  the  simplest  form. 

Scout  Game.  Number  of  players:  Any  number  over  six.  These 
are  divided  into  two  sides.  Both  sides  have  goals  which  are  from  one- 
half  to  a mile  (optional)  apart  on  a direct  line. 

Place.  Anywhere  in  open  country  or  woods. 

Object.  To  reach  the  opponent’s  goal  without  being  observed  and 
to  return  to  own  goal. 

Time.  Fifteen  minutes  to  one  hour  given  (optional  according  to^ 
distance  between  goals). 

Rules.  I.  If  a player  sees  an  opponent  and  calls  him  by  name 
saying,  “You  are  dead,”  the  person  seen  has  to  drop  out  of  the  game. 

2.  A player  reaching  the  opponent’s  goal  unseen  scores  one  point — 
returning  to  his  own  goal,  one  more  point. 

Suggestions.  It  is  well  to  divide  each  team  into  Scouts  and  Guards. 
The  Scouts  try  to  reach  the  opponents’  goal.  The  Guards  try  to  kill 
the  opposing  side. 

Officials.  There  shall  be  a referee  who  keeps  the  time,  who  watches 
the  players  and  regulates  the  game. 

Volley  Ball.  This  is  one  of  the  most  popular  team  games  and  is 
rapid  and  exhilarating.  It  is  played  by  persons  of  all  ages,  indoors, 
and  outdoors.  Two  teams  are  chosen  with  usually  six  players  on  a 


64  Camp  Fire  Girls 

team,  but  more  players  may  be  added.  The  object  of  the  game  is  to 
keep  the  ball  from  touching  the  court  on  your  side  and  making  it 
touch  the  court  on  your  opponents’  side.  The  open  hand  is  used 
in  batting  the  ball — the  ball  must  never  be  held,  dribbled,  or  caught. 

The  Court,  The  general  dimensions  of  a volley  ball  court  are  sixty 
feet  by  thirty  feet.  However,  the  game  can  be  played  on  less  ground. 
A tennis  net  or  one  similar  is  stretched  across  the  court  as  in  tennis, 
except  that  the  upper  edge  of  the  net  must  be  seven  and  one-half  feet 
from  the  ground. 

Position  of  Players.  Each  piayer  has  an  assigned  place  at  the 
beginning  of  the  game  but  this  position  is  changed  as  the  players  take 
turns  serving.  For  instance,  if  there  are  six  players  on  a team  and 
number  one  is  serving  the  ball,  at  the  end  of  her  service,  which  occurs 
only  when  her  side  fails  to  return  the  ball  over  the  net,  or  when  a foul 
play  has  been  made,  she  moves  to  the  place  occupied  by  number  six 
and  number  six  moves  to  the  place  occupied  by  number  five  and  so  on. 
The  server  stands  either  entirely  behind  the  line  or  with  one  or  both 
feet  on  the  edge  of  the  line.  She  stands  anywhere  she  chooses  on  the 
back  line. 

The  Serve  and  Return.  The  ball  is  tossed  into  the  air  and  batted 
with  the  open  hand  to  the  opponents’  court,  or  it  is  batted  to  a member 
of  the  same  team  and  then  to  the  opponents’  court.  The  receiving 
team  returns  the  ball  without  allowing  it  to  fall  to  the  floor  or  go  out 
of  bounds.  Failure  to  do  this  means  one  point  credited  to  the  serving 
side.  If  the  receiving  team  bats  the  ball  back  to  the  serving  team  so 
they  cannot  return  the  ball,  the  right  of  serving  is  forfeited.  Only 
the  side  serving  scores.  One  point  is  scored  every  time  the  receiving 
team  fails  to  return  the  ball  over  the  net;  that  is,  when  it  goes  out  of 
bounds  or  when  the  ball  is  played  contrary  to  rules.  If  the  side  serv- 
ing sends  the  ball  out  of  bounds,  the  right  of  serving  is  given  to  the 
receiving  team.  Any  but  a served  ball  may  be  recovered  from  the 
net.  The  team  wins  that  first  scores  twenty-one  points. 

The  ball  used  is  about  twenty-seven  inches  in  circumference,  round 
laced,  and  weighs  about  eight  ounces.  It  is  made  of  pigskin  or  kid. 

Dodge  Ball.  This  may  be  played  with  any  number  of  people. 
Half  the  players  form  a circle,  the  other  half  stand  within  the  circle. 


Programs,  Games,  and  Entertainments  65 

The  players  forming  the  circle  throw  the  ball  at  those  within.  Who- 
ever is  hit  below  the  knee  takes  her  place  in  the  circle.  The  last  per- 
son remaining  within  the  circle  is  the  winner.  This  may  also  be 
played  as  one  team  against  another.  The  time  it  takes  to  hit  all  the 
players  within  the  circle  is  recorded.  After  the  last  person  inside  the 
circle  is  hit,  those  forming  the  circle  at  the  beginning  of  the  game  go 
within  and  the  others  form  the  new  circle  and  try  to  knock  their  op- 
ponents out  in  a shorter  space  of  time. 

Keep  Ball.  To  be  played  by  any  number  of  people.  The  players 
are  divided  into  two  teams  with  an  equal  number  on  each  side.  Each 
team  tries  to  keep  the  ball  from  the  opposite  side.  There  is  no  set 
line  formation  in  this  game.  The  ball  is  simply  passed  from  one 
member  of  the  team  to  another.  Tripping  or  catching  hold  of  a 
player  is  not  allowed. 

To  these  games  should  be  added  some  of  the  various  kinds  of  races: 
potato,  obstacle,  wheelbarrow,  hopping,  jumping,  and  relay. 

Indoor  Games.  These  consist  mostly  of  mental  exercises,  such  as 
guessing  the  acting  out  of  book  title  (Charades),  songs,  poems, 
advertisements,  or  elective  honors.  Historical  tableaus  or  games 
that  call  for  skill  in  demonstration  or  construction,  such  as  dressing 
up  peanuts  and  clothespins  and  making  dolls  or  animals  out  of  them, 
make  good  indoor  amusements.  Quick  sighted  games  such  as  hold- 
ing up  several  colors  for  an  instant  before  a group  of  people  and  then 
having  them  write  down  as  many  of  the  colors  as  they  can  remember 
are  good  mental  training  as  well  as  amusing.  This  game  may  also 
be  played  by  putting  together  various  objects  in  a room,  then  cover- 
ing them  and  having  the  players  record  the  objects,  or  have  them 
look  out  of  a window  for  a given  space  of  time  and  record  the  objects 
seen. 

Impromptu  “Stunts.”  A good  stunt  of  this  kind  is  the  writing  of 
a newspaper.  Assign  to  each  a special  department  of  the  work  such 
as  advertising  manager,  editorial  writer,  cartoonist,  society  editor, 
etc.  This  idea  can  be  used  in  continued  stories,  poems,  songs,  etc. 
Other  impromptu  stunts  are  instructive  games  such  as  imitating  the 
business  carried  on  in  a post-office,  bank,  library,  correspondence 


66 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

department  of  stores  or  business  houses,  record  and  filing  depart- 
ments, or  the  work  done  by  the  officials  of  a city,  or  the  method  of 
introducing  a bill  into  Congress,  or  the  registration  in  college  and  the 
first  week  of  college.  The  success  of  these  things  depends  largely 
upon  the  ingenuity  of  the  Guardian. 

How  to  Give  a Successful  Entertainment 

A good  entertainment  often  fails  financially  because  a few  general 
rules  have  not  been  followed  that  are  absolutely  necessary  for  its 
success.  A few  suggestions  follow: 

1.  A play  must  be  well  advertised.  This  is  a point  that  is  often 
omitted;  you  cannot  expect  good  press  notices  unless  you  patronize 
the  papers;  the  money  comes  back  every  time. 

2.  Always  send  complimentary  tickets  to  newspaper  reporters. 
Take  some  special  trouble  to  make  their  acquaintance,  and  interest 
them  in  the  play  and  its  objects. 

3.  A good  way  to  get  posters  is  to  have  a competition  among  the 
girls  and  a prize  awarded  for  the  best  poster.  This  competition  must 
be  held  well  in  advance  of  the  play,  as  the  posters  should  be  shown 
in  prominent  places  in  the  town  at  least  two  weeks  before  the  per- 
formance. 

4.  Tickets  for  the  play  should  always  be  sold  in  advance;  this  is  the 
surest  way  to  obtain  good  financial  results.  To  encourage  the  sale 
of  tickets,  one  ticket  may  be  given  away  to  each  person  who  sells  a 
certain  number.  It  is  always  worth  while  to  have  some  reserved 
seats. 

5.  Form  a committee  of  influential  people  in  the  town  who  will  act 
as  patrons;  the  more  people  you  can  interest  in  your  work,  the  more 
successful  it  will  be. 

6.  Get  your  pastors  interested. 

7.  If  the  play  is  of  an  ambitious  nature,  secure  the  best  coach  pos- 
sible. Photographs  should  be  taken  and  exhibited  in  advance. 
Papers  will  often  accept  material  with  photographs  which  will  other- 
wise be  refused. 

8.  Don’t  work  too  long  on  a play  as  the  actors  are  likely  to  become 
overtrained. 

9.  Plays  should  not  be  too  long. 


Programs,  Games,  and  Entertainments  67 

10.  The  main  points  to  remember  in  an  amateur  performance  are: 
start  on  time;  avoid  delay  between  scenes;  have  a smoothly  running 
curtain;  keep  quiet  behind  the  scenes;  speak  slowly  and  clearly;  do 
not  hurry. 

10.  The  Drama  League  of  America  recommends  highly  “ Plays  for 
Amateurs,”  arranged  by  John  Mantel  Clapp,  price  $.25  at  the  Drama 
League  of  America,  736  Marquette  Building,  Chicago,  Illinois.  This 
book  gives  valuable  hints  for  giving  plays,  and  the  names  and  descrip- 
tions of  reliable  plays.  The  Camp  Fire  Plays  can  be  procured  from 
the  Camp  Fire  Outfitting  Company. 

11.  A popular  form  of  entertainment  is  to  combine  a short  play  with 
a variety  program.  Songs  in  character  are  always  liked,  tableaux  of 
well-known  pictures,  either  still  or  with  motion.  Flower  songs  can 
be  made  attractive  by  making  large  paper  flowers.  It  is  always 
worth  while  to  take  a little  extra  trouble  over  costuming  to  make  a 
song,  chorus,  or  recitation  attractive.  Cheese  cloth  and  colored 
paper  can  be  used  in  endless  ways. 

12.  Try  to  write  a play.  In  summer,  one  can  give  a play  out-of- 
doors  amidst  natural  scenery  with  very  little  expense. 

Pageants  illustrating  some  historical  event  or  legend  of  special 
interest  to  the  locality  are  excellent  means  of  raising  money,  for 
they  are  educational  as  well  as  entertaining,  and  everybody  will  turn 
out  to  see  their  relatives  taking  part. 


/ CHAPTER  VI 

. COUNCIL  FIRE 

1.  Council  Fire.  A Council  Fire  is  an  intimate  affair.  Very 
rarely  should  any  outsiders  be  admitted,  and  then  it  should  only  be 
the  mothers  or  special  friends.  When  it  is  desired  to  have  a public 
exhibition  or  a grand  rally,  a Grand  Council  Fire  is  held,  to  which  all 
are  invited. 

The  Council  Fire  is  the  most  important  meeting  of  the  month. 
It  is  at  this  meeting  that  the  work  of  the  month  is  brought  to  a focus, 
honors  are  awarded,  and  ranks  bestowed. 

Each  Camp  Fire  may  select  or  arrange  a program  for  carrying  on 
its  own  meetings.  It  adds  much  to  the  interest  to  have  some  original 
ceremonies. 

The  ritual  of  the  ceremonial  meeting  is  so  highly  thought  of  every- 
where that  great  care  should  be  given  to  the  way  in  which  it  is  pre- 
sented in  order  not  to  lower  the  standard.  For  example,  when  a 
girl  forgets  her  lines  and  nervously  laughs,  much  of  the  dignity  of  the 
ceremony  is  lost.  A well-balanced  program  provides  for  the  inter- 
mingling of  dignity  and  entertainment;  each  has  its  place. 

2.  Preparation,  (i)  The  ceremonial  names  should  be  used  at  the 
Council  Fire.  The  Guardian  herself  should  also  have  a name,  symbol, 
and  gown.  Nothing  adds  more  to  the  spirit  of  the  Council  Fire 
than  the  general  appearance  of  the  girls  and  Guardian.  Khaki  or 
dark  bloomers  should  be  worn  underneath  the  gown;  underskirts 
of  any  kind  or  color  are  undesirable.  The  stockings  and  footwear 
should  be  of  a uniform  color,  preferably  tan.  The  entire  atmosphere 
of  the  Council  Fire  is  changed  when  the  girls  conform  to  these 
rules. 

(2)  A list  of  the  honors  should  be  given  or  sent  to  the  Guardian 
long  enough  before  a Council  Fire  takes  place  to  allow  time  for  hold- 
ing the  necessary  examination  in  the  subjects  presented  for  honors, 
and  to  arrange  the  program  without  confusion. 

(3)  All  the  girls  taking  part  in  the  ceremony  should  know  the  fol- 

68 


Council  Fire 


69 

lowing:  Council  step;  hand  sign  of  Fire;  candle  ceremony,  and  the 
following  songs — “Wohelo  for  Aye,”  “Burn,  Fire,  Burn,”  “Work 
Song,”  “Mammy  Moon,”  “Lay  me  to  Sleep,”  “The  Sun  is  Sinking,” 
“Now  our  Camp  Fire’s  Burning  Low,”  the  “Law”  and  the  “De- 
sires”; “Ode  to  Fire”;  the  way  to  enter  and  leave  the  Council  Fire. 

(4)  A definite,  well-balanced  program  should  be  planned  before- 
hand. It  is  better  to  have  fewer  Council  Fires  and  retain  their  dignity 
and  interest. 

(5)  In  the  Ceremonial  Step  used  for  coming  in  and  going  out  at  a 
Council  Fire,  the  girl  pauses  slightly  on  each  forward  step,  the  weight 
being  on  the  forward  foot,  and  the  body  slightly  bent  in  that  di- 
rection. 

(6)  The  Guardian  should  have  her  program  and  a list  of  the  honors 
to  be  awarded  in  writing.  If  many  honors  are  to  be  awarded  to 
one  girb  it  saves  time  for  the  Guardian  to  have  them  strung  together 
with  the  name  attached  before  presenting  them. 

(7)  Place  of  the  Council  Fire.  If  indoors,  the  room  should  be 
arranged  so  that  the  girls  may  sit  in  a circle  on  the  floor  or  in  a half 
circle  aljout  the  fireplace.  The  only  light  should  be  that  of  the  fire 
or  the  candles.  If  given  out-of-doors,  secure  a quiet,  secluded  spot. 
Care  should  be  taken  that  wood  is  gathered  beforehand  so  that  it  is 
ready  for  immediate  use.  A Council  Fire  is  doubly  impressive  in 
natural  surroundings. 

3.  Suggestions  for  a Council  Fire.  The  fire,  when  possible, 
should  be  in  the  center  of  the  circle,  and  it  shpuld  be  prepared  ready 
for  lighting  before  the  meeting.  The  Guardian  stands  in  her  place 
in  the  circle,  the  girls  remaining  some  distance  off  until  the  Guardian 
sounds  the  call  “Wohelo.”  The  girls  answer  with  the  same  call 
and,  one  by  one,  silently  come  to  the  place  of  meeting.  The  Guardian 
salutes  each  girl  as  she  comes  in  with  the  hand  sign  of  fire,  and  is 
given  an  answering  salute  in  the  same  way.  Then  the  girl  takes  her 
seat  in  the  circle.  There  is  no  set  rule  about  beginning  a Council 
Fire.  The  girls  may  make  the  hand  sign  when  directly  opposite  the 
Guardian  and  alternately  take  their  seat  at  the  right  and  left  in  the 
circle,  or  they  may  remain  standing  until  the  circle  is  complete  and 
they  have  sung  an  opening  song. 


yo  Camp  Fire  Girls 

4.  Lighting  of  the  Fire.  The  Fire  is  kindled  either  by  the 
use  of  rubbing  sticks  or  matches.  If  the  candle  lighting  ceremony  is 
used,  three  Fire  Makers  or  Wood  Gatherers  may  light  the  candles. 

5.  Candle  Lighting  Ceremony.  The  Wohelo  ceremony  shows 
how  a picturesque  form  may  be  given  to  a very  simple  act — the 
lighting  of  the  candles  when  indoors  or  fires  when  out-of-doors.  The 
fire-lighting  maidens  step  in  turn  to  their  respective  candles  repre- 
senting Work,  Health,  and  Love,  in  the  center  of  the  circle.  A taper 
is  lighted  by  the  Guardian  and  handed  to  one  of  the  girls,  who  kneels 
on  her  right  knee  and  says: 

“I  light  the  light  of  Work,  for  Wohelo  means  work.’* 

She  lights  one  candle,  then  stands  and  says: 

“We  glorify  work,  because  through 
work  we  are  free.  We  work  to 
win,  to  conquer,  to  be  masters. 

We  work  for  the  joy  of  the  work- 
ing, and  because  we  are  free. 

Wohelo  means  work.” 

She  then  hands  the  taper  to  the  Guardian,  remaining  behind  the 
lighted  candle.  The  Guardian  hands  the  taper  to  the  second  girl 
who,  in  the  manner  just  described  says,  “I  light  the  light  of  Health, 
for  Wohelo  means  health.”  After  lighting  the  candle  she  stands 
and  says: 

“We  hold  on  to  health,  because 
through  health  we  serve  and  are 
happy.  In  caring  for  the  health 
and  beauty  of  our  persons  we  are 
caring  for  the  very  shrine  of  the 
Great  Spirit. 

Wohelo  means  health.” 

She  likewise  remains  behind  her  candle  while  the  third  girl  lights 
the  light  of  love,  saying  “ I light  the  light  of  Love,  for  Wohelo  means 
love.”  After  lighting  the  last  candle,  she  stands  and  says: 


Council  Fire 


73 


“We  love  Love,  for  love  is  life, 
and  light  and  joy  and  sweetness. 

And  love  is  comradeship  and  motherhood, 
and  fatherhood  and  all  dear  kinship. 

Love  is  the  joy  of  service  so  deep 
that  self  is  forgotten. 

Wohelo  means  love.” 

The  three  girls  then  return  to  their  places  in  the  circle. 

6.  Fire  Lighting  Ceremony.  The  wood  and  kindling  are 
brought  to  the  hearth  by  the  Wood  Gatherers,  and  the  Fire  Makers 
arrange  the  wood  for  lighting.  When  all  are  seated  around  the  place 
of  the  fire,  a Torch  Bearer  or  the  Guardian  lights  the  fire.  The  fire- 
lighting ceremony  is  completed  by  the  group  repeating  the  “Ode  to 
Fire”  in  unison,  or  by  singing  “Burn,  Fire,  Burn,”  or  some  other 
appropriate  song. 

Ode  to  Fire 

O Fire! 

Long  years  ago  when  our  fathers  fought  with  great  animals,  you 
were  their  protection. 

From  the  cruel  cold  of  winter,  you  saved  them. 

When  they  needed  food,  you  changed  the  flesh  of  beasts  into  savory 
meat  for  them. 

During  all  the  ages  your  mysterious  flame  has  been  a symbol  to  them 
for  Spirit. 

So  to-night,  we  light  Our  fire  in  remembrance  of  the  Great  Spirit 
who  gave  you  to  us. 

7.  The  Roll  Call.  The  roll  call  is  given  by  the  ceremonial 
names,  each  girl  present  responding  “ Kolah.”  This  means  “friend.” 

8.  The  Count.  The  Count  of  the  last  ceremonial  meeting  and  of 
the  things  that  the  Camp  Fire  Girls  have  done  as  a group  since  then  is 
read.  This  is  written  by  the  girls  in  rotation,  often  in  rhyme  or  verse. 

The  girl  or  girls  who  are  to  write  the  Count  for  the  next  meeting  are 
appointed  by  the  Guardian.  Two  or  three  girls  often  work  well 
together,  especially  when  they  really  belong  together. 


72 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

9.  The  Awarding  of  Honors.  It  is  usually  advisable  to  ask  some 
such  questions  as  will  call  for  demoi^trations  or  proofs  of  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  subject  for  honors  won,  even  if  the  girls  have  been  pre- 
viously examined.  This  also  provides  entertainment  for  the  Council. 
After  the  honors  have  been  awarded,  the  Guardian  may  say: 

“With  deepest  pride  to-night  I give 
These  strings  of  beads  to  you  who  stand. 

Some  were  by  hardest  effort  won. 

And  some  perchance  more  easily. 

Because  to  win  them  only  meant 
The  doing  of  your  best  loved  task, 

Yet  right  worth  winning  since  our  aim 
Is  to  make  work  and  duties  all 
So  full  of  health’s  attendant  glow. 

So  joyous  and  so  rich  in  love. 

So  fired  and  colored  by  fancy’s  play 
That  drudgery  is  drowned  in  song 
And  work  and  play  go  hand  in  hand.” 

The  Work  Song  then  closes  this  part  of  the  program. 

10.  Receiving  New  Members.  Guardians  should  feel  free  to 
vary  this  ceremony  to  suit  the  conditions  of  the  moment  and  by  no 
means  allow  it  to  become  stereotyped.  The  following  is  offered  as  a 
suggestion: 

The  girls  to  become  Camp  Fire  Girls  take  their  places  just  outside 
the  circle  near  the  Guardian.  At  the  chosen  time  the  Guardian  says: 

“Two  (or  any  number)  maidens  have  come  desiring  to  sit  by  our 
fire  and  help  tend  it.  As  we  grow  in  numbers  may  we  grow  in  Work, 
Health,  and  Love.” 

The  girls  all  rise,  the  Guardian  turns  to  the  new  girls  and  says  to 
the  first: 

“Is  it  your  desire  to  become  a Camp  Fire  Girl  and  to  follow  the 
Law  of  the  Fire?” 

The  girl  says: 

“It  is  my  desire  to  become  a Camp  Fire  Girl  and  to  obey  the  Law 
of  the  Camp  Fire,  which  is  to” — (Here  she  repeats  the  Law.) 


Council  Fire  73 

“This  Law  of  the  Fire  I will  strive  to  follow.”  Then  the  Guardian 
says: 

“As  Guardian  of  the  Fire,  we  welcome  you  as  a member  of  the 
Camp  Fire.” 

The  girls  sing  “Wohelo  For  Aye”  or  a welcome  song.  The  cere- 
mony is  repeated  for  each  new  member. 

II.  Initiation  of  Wood  Gatherers.  The  Guardian  says: 

“One  (or  any  number)  of  our  Camp  Fire  Girls  is  to  become  a Wood 
Gatherer.  Will  she  rise?” 

To  the  girl  she  says: 

“Minnetoska  (the  girFs  ceremonial  name),  will  you  tell  us  how 
you  chose  your  name?” 

The  girl  answers: 

“Minnetoska  means  Happy  Laughter.  The  Law  of  the  Fire  says 
‘ Be  Happy,*  and  I have  tried  to  earn  my  right  to  this  name  by  washing 
the  dishes  every  morning  for  two  weeks  and  being  happy  while  I was 
doing  it.  As  my  symbol,  I have  chosen  the  Black-Eyed  Susan  be- 
cause I have  brown  eyes  and  because  the  yellow  of  the  petals  stands 
for  sunshine,  and  I want  sunshine  for  every-one  in  my  eyes.** 

Guardian:  “Minnetoska  brings  to  her  council  ‘Happy  Laughter 
and  Sunshine.*  We  welcome  you  to  your  place  in  the  Camp  Fire 
circle.** 

The  Guardian  then  presents  the  Wood  Gatherer*s  ring  to  the  girl, 
and  says: 

“As  Guardian  of  the  Fire  and  in  token  of  your  having  fulfilled  the 
six  requirements  necessary  for  the  rank  of  Wood  Gatherer,  I place 
on  the  little  finger  of  your  left  hand  this  ring  with  its  design  of  seven 
fagots  symbolic  of  the  seven  points  of  the  Law  of  the  Fire,  which 
you  have  here  expressed  your  desire  to  follow,  and  of  the  three  circles 
on  either  side,  symbolic  of  the  three  watch-words  of  this  organization. 
Work,  Health,  and  Love.**  The  Guardian  asks  all  the  girls  to  rise 
and  together  they  say: 

“As  fagots  are  brought  from  the  forest 
Firmly  held  by  the  sinews  which  bind  them. 

So  cleave  to  these  others,  your  sisters. 

Wherever,  whenever  you  find  them. 


74 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

“ Be  strong  as  the  fagots  are  sturdy, 

Be  pure  in  your  deepest  desire; 

Be  true  to  the  truth  that  is  in  you; 

And — follow  the  Law  of  the  Fire.” 

To  which  the  Wood  Gatherer  replies,  giving  the  Wood  Gatherer’s 
Desire  (see  p.  21). 

The  girls  sing  a cheer. 

The  ceremony  i/s  repeated  for  each  new  Wood  Gatherer. 

12.  Initiation  of  Fire  Maker.  Guardian:  “Ayu  is  to  take 
rank  of  Fire  Maker  to-day.”  The  girl  stands. 

Guardian:  “Ayu  has  won  the  twenty  elective  honors  as  recorded 

in  the  Count  of  this,  the Camp  Fire  (giving  the  name  of  the 

local  Camp  Fire)  and  as  shown  by  the  beads  of  honor  which  she  is 
now  wearing.  She  has  acceptably  completed  the  requirements  by 
preparing  the  meals  for  this  Camp  Fire,  by  showing  a record  of  the 
time  that  she  has  slept  with  open  windows,  that  she  has  spent  in 
outdoor  exercises,  and  that  she  has  gone  without  candy  and  sodas 
between  meals  with  her  adventures  in  so  doing.  She  presents  her 
cash  account  and  the  stockings  which  she  has  darned.  She  will  now 
complete  her  demonstrations  before  the  Council  by  showing  us  the 
use  of  the  triangular  bandage  and  two  ways  to  use  surgeon’s  plaster.” 

The  girl  passes  the  stockings  and  account  book  around  for  inspec- 
tion and,  using  another  girl  for  patient,  shows  the  methods  of  ban- 
daging. (Demonstrations  of  some  other  requirement  may  be  sub- 
stituted.) 

Before  a Council  or  Grand  Council,  girls  should  be  ready  to  demon- 
strate or  answer  questions  in  regard  to  any  of  the  required  honors 
they  have  won  in  earning  a new  rank. 

Guardian:  ‘‘Ayu,  will  you  now  repeat  the  Fire  Maker’s  Desire” 
(p.  23)  ? The  Guardian  then  bestows  the  Fire  Maker’s  bracelet,  and 
repeats : 

‘‘Upon  your  arm  a charm  I place, 

A charm  of  unseen  fire. 

To  burn  within  your  heart  of  hearts 
And  light  your  soul  to  its  desire. 

Upon  your  arm,  this  silver  charm.” 


Council  Fire 


75 

13.  Initiation  of  Torch  Bearers.  As  this  rank  Is  the  most 
difficult  to  attain,  it  should  have  special  recognition.  The  Guardian 
should  give  a summary  of  the  girl’s  Camp  Fire  work  and  show  in 
what  respect  she  has  proved  herself  capable  of  leading  others  and 
bringing  out  the  best  that  is  in  them.  If  the  girl  wins  the  rank 
as  a craftsman,  she  should  demonstrate  in  some  way  her  special 
craft. 

Initiation.  Guardian:  “ Yaka  is  to  take  the  rank  of  Torch  Bearer 
to-day.”  The  candidate  stands.  The  Guardian  says:  “Yaka  has 
met  all  the  requirements  to  become  a Torch  Bearer.  She  has  won 
more  than  the  necessary  fifteen  elective  honors.  She  has  been  a good 
‘team  worker’  with  girls,  yielding  her  own  personal  desires  to  those 
of  the  group.  She  has  made  happy  four  little  children  once  a week 
for  three  months.  Yaka,  will  you  please  rise  and  repeat  the  Torch 
Bearer’s  desire?”  All  sing  a cheer  to  Yaka. 

14.  Suggestions  for  Entertainment,  (i.)  Have  Folk  dances, 
original  motion  songs,  symbolic  representations  of  Work,  Health, 
and  Love  in  the  form  of  a dance.  Dances  interpreting  various  crafts 
(see  “Minnetoska’s  Dream”)  or  representing  flowers  or  seasons. 

(2.)  Act  out  legends  and  fairy  tales  either  in  pantomime  or  other- 
wise; take  simple  legends  with  plenty  of  motion. 

(3.)  Dramatize  the  winning  of  the  elective  honors  such  as  (a)  A 
day  with  the  baby — the  old  way  and  the  modern  way  of  caring  for 
the  baby;  (b)  Washing  dishes  and  taking  ca>e  of  a room;  (c)  Care  of 
a sickroom;  (d)  A day  in  camp;  (e)  A walking  trip;  (f)  Emergen- 
cies; Care  of  a sprained  ankle;  (g)  Dramatize  Work,  Health,  and 
Love  or  seven  crafts.  These  can  all  be  made  amusing,  as  well  as 
dramatic,  and  yet  not  detract  from  the  dignity  of  the  Council  Fire. 

15.  Camp  Fire  Talk.  The  Guardian  should  plan  to  have  some 
one  talk  on  the  law,  some  of  the  honors,  Wohelo,  or  some  subject  in 
which  the  Camp  Fire  is  at  the  time  especially  interested.  This  is  not 
the  place,  however,  for  a formal  address,  but  it  is  good  to  have  an 
informal  talk  by  a sympathetic  person  who  is  the  guest  for  the  evening. 
It  is  also  an  opportunity  for  the  Guardian  to  get  very  near  to  her 
girls. 


76  Camp  Fire  Girls 

16.  Singing  of  Songs,  (a)  Boating  Song.  It  is  well  to  sing  a few 
songs  before  the  closing  songs  if  time  permits. 

(b)  “Mammy  Moon”  with  motions. 

(c)  “Lay  Me  to  Sleep.”  This  is  sung  while  the  girls  are  in  the 
recumbent  position  at  the  close. of  the  song  “Mammy  Moon.” 

(d)  Closing  Song — “The  Sun  is  Sinking.”  Words  by  Helen  Hunt: 
Tune:  “Drink  to  Me  Only  with  Thine  Eyes.” 

“The  sun  is  sinking  in  the  West, 

The  evening  shadows  fall, 

Across  the  silence  of  the  lake 
We  hear  the  loon’s  low  call. 

So  let  us  too  the  silence  keep 
And  softly  steal  away 
To  rest  and  sleep,  until  the  morn 
Brings  forth  another  day.” 

This  is  sung  through  once.  Then  the  girls  rise  and  file  out,  still 
singing. 

17.  Fire  Extinguishing  Ceremony: 

Wohelo  means  work; 

Though  the  flame  we  extinguish 
Yet  the  symbol  remaineth; 

In  our  hearts  is  the  glory 
And  the  freedom  or  workers. 

Go  we  forth  then  with  gladness 
To  show  unto  others 
The  thought  of  Wohelo 
Translated  to  service. 

Wohelo  means  Health; 

And  the  flame  that  we  lighted 
May  its  message  leave  with  us, 

A message  of  beauty 

And  of  health  to  be  treasured. 

Go  we  forth  then  with  gladness 
To  show  unto  others 


Council  Fire 


77 


What  the  Camp  Fire  has  taught  us 
The  keen  joy  of  living. 

Wohelo  means  Love, 

And  its  flame  ever  burneth, 

Nor  need  we  the  candle  for 

Heart  deep  its  fire 

Its  sweetness  and  power; 

Go  we  forth  then  with  gladness 
To  show  unto  others 
Wherever  they  need  us 
A love  that  will  fail  not. 


1.  Wohelo  Call 

2.  Entrance  and  hand  sign  of  Fire 

3.  “Wohelo  for  Aye’^ 

4.  Fire  lighting  or  candle  cere- 

mony 

5.  “Burn,  Fire,  Burn’' 

6.  Law  of  the  Fire 

7.  Roll  call 

8.  Count 

9.  Appoint  keeper  of  Count 
18.  Closing  Song- 


Council  Fire  Program 

10.  Awarding  of  Honors 


II. 


Work  Song” 

Receiving  new  members 
Awarding  ranks  of  Wood 
Gatherer,  Fire  Maker  and 
Torch  Bearer 

Songs,  dances,  or  stunts,  etc. 
Camp  Fire  talk  or  story 
Mammy  Moon” 

Lay  Me  to  Sleep” 

“The  Sun  is  Sinking”  or  “Now  our  Camp  Fire 
Fadeth.” 


13* 


14- 

15- 
16. 
17- 


Grand  Council  Fires 

I.  Purpose.  The  Grand  Council  Fire  consists  of  three  or  more 
Camp  Fires  coming  together.  It  may  include  all  the  Camp  Fires 
of  one  locality  or  of  a Guardians’  Association.  Each  Camp  Fire  is 
a unit  of  the  Grand  Council  Fire  just  as  each  girl  is  a unit  in  the  Camp 
Fire  of  which  she  is  a member.  Therefore  instead  of  answering  to 
the  roll  call  individually,  each  group  responds  as  a unit. 

A Grand  Council  should  be  an  impressive  ceremony;  it  is  not 
primarily  for  outsiders,  but  it  serves  as  a beautiful  way  of  presenting 
Camp  Fire  to  the  public  when  the  latter  are  admitted;  a fee  may 
be  charged  which  oftentimes  goes  to  the  Guardians’  Association  to 


jS  Camp  Fire  Girls 

be  used  for  promotion  of  Camp  Fire  activities.  Grand  Councils 
should  not  be  held  too  often.  If  this  is  done,  it  takes  away  from  the 
dignity  and  impressiveness  of  the  individual  group,  as  well  as  from  the 
Grand  Council  Fire. 

The  purpose  of  the  Grand  Council  Fire  is  the  inspiration  that 
comes  from  bringing  groups  together  for  the  exchange  of  ideas.  It 
helps  to  unify  the  work,  and  to  make  the  members  of  individual  groups 
realize  more  fully  that  each  unit  is  an  important  factor  in  carrying 
on  the  same  ideals  for  which  Camp  Fire  stands  as  a whole.  It  is 
inspiring  to  see  two  or  three  hundred  girls,  uniformly  dressed,  but 
each  gown  expressing  individual  thought.  Such  a gathering  helps 
toward  that  feeling  of  democracy  which  is  necessary  for  Community 
work  of  any  kind. 

2.  Preparation,  (i.)  A written  program  containing  full  particu- 
lars should  be  in  the  hands  of  each  Guardian  at  least  two  weeks  before 
the  Grand  Council  is  to  take  place.  (2.)  Some  one  should  be  responsi- 
ble for  leading  the  songs  and  should  see  that  the  motions  are  carried 
out  in  a uniform  way  by  all  the  groups,  and  that  the  Council  step, 
hand  sign,  ritual,  law,  desires,  etc.,  are  known  by  all.  No  girl  should 
be  allowed  in  the  circle  who  is  not  wearing  the  ceremonial  gown. 
If  even  one  girl  fails  to  wear  the  uniform,  the  whole  effect  is  spoiled. 

3.  Suggestions.  There  is  no  one  form  for  holding  a Grand  Coun- 
cil Fire,  but  certain  general  principles  should  always  be  observed: 

(1)  If  the  Council  is  to  be  impressive  and  dignified,  the  girls  should 
not  be  seen  or  heard  by  the  audience  either  before  or  after  the  pro- 
gram. 

(2)  Council  Fires  should  begin  on  time.  Girls  and  guests  weary  of 
waiting,  and  a bad  impression  is  made. 

(3)  As  an  introduction  to  the  Council  before  the  girls  come  in, 
some  suitable  song  might  be  sung,  such  as  “Wake  Ye,  Arise,”  “In- 
vocation to  the  Sun  God,”  one  of  C.  F.  Troyer's  Zuni  Indian  Songs 
(published  by  the  Camp  Fire  Outfitting  Company),  or  a bugle  call 
(Wohelo  for  Aye). 

4.  Entrance.  The  leader  of  the  Grand  [Council  Fire  stands  in 
her  place  in  the  circle.  At  her  call  of  Wohelo,  answered  in  the  dis- 


Camp  Fire  Girls  of  Alaska  singing  ‘‘  Mammy  Moon 


A call  to  action 


Strenuous  practice  of  First  Aid  at  Winona  Fields 


Council  Fire 


79 

tance  by  all,  each  Camp  Fire  silently  enters  in  turn,  led  by  the 
Guardian,  all  using  the  Council  step.  A distance  of  about  fifteen, 
feet  should  be  left  between  the  entrance  of  each  group.  This  is  one 
way  to  distinguish  one  Camp  Fire  from  another.  Groups  may  enter 
together  from  two,  three,  or  four  corners  of  the  room,  their  places 
having  been  assigned  beforehand.  Make  a double  circle  if  there  is 
not  room  for  a single  one. 

5.  Hand  Sign.  This  may  be  made  by  each  Camp  Fire  when  it  has 
taken  its  place  in  the  circle,  at  a sign  from  the  leader.  The  Camp 
Fire  remains  standing  until  all  the  groups  have  passed  in.  Or,  the 
hand  sign  may  be  made  altogether  after  all  the  Camp  Fires  have 
assembled. 

6.  Fire  Lighting.  Great  care  should  be  taken  in  the  lighting  effect.. 
Do  not  use  artificial  light  for  the  candle  ceremony.  If  the  circle  is 
very  large,  three  groups  of  three  candles  may  be  used.  If  sufficient 
light  cannot  be  obtained  by  this  method,  artificial  light,  half  obscured, 
should  be  turned  on  to  enable  the  spectators  to  see  what  is  going  on. 
At  Grand  Councils,  it  is  preferable  wherever  possible  to  have  the 
group  act  as  a whole,  or  groups  of  a few  girls  from  the  various  groups 
act  as  units.  For  instance,  in  the  candle  lighting  ceremony,  suppose 
a triangle  was  made  with  units  of  three  candles  on  each  side  repre- 
senting Work,  Health,  and  Love.  Three  girls  might  form  a unit  to 
light  the  light  of  Work,  three  to  light  the  light  of  Health,  and  three 
to  light  the  light  of  Love. 

7.  Roll  Call.  The  Roll  Call  is  made  by  groups  which  may  answer 
in  various  ways,  such  as  holding  up  their  right  arm,  standing,  giving 
their  name  in  unison,  or  possibly  singing  their  own  Camp  Fire  Cheer. 
Cheers  in  the  form  of  songs  are  much  more  preferable  and  more  ap- 
propriate for  girls  than  yells. 

8.  Honors.  Honor  beads  should  not  be  awarded  to  an  individual 
unless  a large  National  honor  is  to  be  presented.  An  opportunity 
is  here  given,  however,  of  showing  to  the  public  the  nature  of  our 
elective  honor  system.  For  instance,  all  girls  who  have  won  the 
honor  for  walking  forty  miles  might  be  called  upon  to  stand,  and  credit 
given  them.  There  are  many  attractive  ways  of  bringing  our  honor 


8o 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

system  to  the  public  so  that  people  may  gain  a wider  knowledge  of 
Camp  Fire.  At  one  Grand  Council  six  girls  were  picked  from  each 
group  who  had  won  honors  in  the  different  crafts;  six  who  had  won 
Homecraft  honors,  six  who  had  won  Healthcraft  honors,  and  so  on 
through  all  the  seven  crafts.  These  girls  were  called  upon  by  the 
leader  to  stand  and  give  a brief  account  of  how  they  won  the  honors 
in  that  particular  craft. 

9.  Initiations.  It  means  a great  deal  to  a girl  to  be  initiated  at  a 
Grand  Council  Fire  and  there  are  ways  of  making  this  especially  im- 
pressive. 

(i .)  Applicants  for  the  rank  of  Wood  Gatherer  might  be  called  upon 
to  step  to  the  centre  of  the  circle  beside  the  leader  and  stand  around 
the  candles.  The  leader  should  then  question  the  girls  as  to  their 
knowledge  of  the  requirements  for  this  rank,  and  award  the  rings. 
Then  the  girls  should  repeat  the  Wood  Gatherer’s  Desire  and  return 
to  their  places,  when  all  the  members  of  the  circle  might  join  hands 
and  repeat  the  Wood  Gatherer’s  Desire.  Initiation  into  the  other 
ranks  might  be  done  in  the  same  manner. 

(2.)  Sometimes  Torch  Bearers  and  Fire  Makers,  under  the  direction 
of  the  leader,  might  examine  applicants  for  new  ranks,  but  the  bestow- 
ing of  the  ranks  should  be  left  to  the  leader. 

(3.)  If  there  are  no  ranks  to  be  bestowed,  the  Wood  Gatherers,  the 
Fire  Makers,  and  Torch  Bearers  might  in  turn  form  an  inner  circle 
and  repeat  the  Desire  of  their  particular  rank. 

10.  Entertainment.  This  should  be  by  the  Camp  Fires,  not  by 
individual  girls.  Acting  in  pantomime  is  preferable,  as  the  voice  is 
rarely  heard  in  a large  circle.  The  “stunts”  should  be  well  chosen, 
appropriate  to  Camp  Fire,  and  they  should  not  take  up  much  time 
from  the  ceremony.  The  suggestions  given  for  Council  Fires  may  be 
enlarged  upon  for  Grand  Councils,  the  groups  acting  as  units. 

Our  National  Anthem  should  be  sung;  if  possible,  secure  a bugle 
accompaniment.  The  close  of  the  meeting  is  made  effective  by 
having  a group  of  girls  who  sing  well  step  to  the  center  and  sing  while 
the  rest  file  out.  Then  they  pick  up  the  candles  and  follow.  The 
first  singers  to  leave  should  continue  their  song  in  a lower  voice 
outside  until  the  last  girl  has  passed  out. 


Council  Fire 


8i 


Sunday  Ceremonial 

Guardians  are  realizing  more  and  more  the  possibilities  of  using  the 
Council  Fire  as  a great  opportunity  for  Sunday,  either  in  private 
with  the  girls,  or  in  the  Parish  House,  or  even  having  it  take  the  place 
of  the  Vesper  Service.  This  Council  coflld  be  held  in  three  ways: 

1.  A Grand  Council  Fire  which  is  held  by  vote  of  all  the  Guardians, 
the  program  being  carried  out  in  the  usual  way. 

2.  A Council  Fire  of  the  Camp  Fires  of  a certain  church,  neighbor- 
ing Camp  Fires  being  invited  to  attend  and  participate,  in  which  case 
the  relation  is  that  of  hostess  and  guests. 

3.  Just  a Church  Council  Fire  at  a Sunday  Service.  All  cheers 
should  be  omitted  and  also  everything  that  is  humorous,  far- 
cical, or  ridiculous,  although  the  latter  might  be  perfectly  appropriate 
at  any  other  time.  When  the  Church  Council  is  in  public,  intimate 
talks  between  girls  and  Guardians  are  of  course  omitted.  “Burn, 
Fire,  Burn”  and  “Mystic  Fire”  are  the  only  Motion  Songs  appropri- 
ate for  Sunday.  “Lay  Me  to  Sleep”  is  a good  song  for  the  occasion. 
All  hymns,  Bible  readings,  and  talks  should  be  chosen  to  illustrate 
the  Camp  Fire  Law  and  Ideals — work,  health,  and  love,  fire,  beauty, 
and  nature,  etc.  Initiations  at  this  time  are  not  desirable,  but  this  is 
left  to  the  discretion  of  the  Guardian. 

The  following  is  a suggestive  program; 

Sunday  Council  Fire  (Indoor  or  outdoor). 

1.  Voluntary  (appropriate  music). 

2.  Hymn. 

3.  Guardian  call  Wohelo. 

4.  Entrance  of  girls  (in  silence  or  to  very  soft  music). 

5.  Hand  sign  of  Fire,  and  the  singing  of  “Wohelo  for  Aye.” 

6.  Candle  ceremony. 

7.  “Burn,  Fire,  Burn.” 

8.  Law  of  the  Fire. 

9.  Repeat  the  Desires  of  the  Wood  Gatherer,  Fire  Maker,  and 
Torch  Bearers  in  turn. 

10.  Bible  reading  by  three  or  seven  girls  to  illustrate  Wohelo  or 
the  Law, 

Give  Service — Matthew  16:  24-28 


82 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

Be  Trustworthy — Matthew  25:  14-29 
Glorify  Work — Proverbs  3 1 : 10-3 1 
Pursue  Knowledge — Proverbs  3:  13-22 
Hold  on  to  Health — Corinthians  3:  16-17 
Be  Happy — John  15:  9-17;  St.  Luke  i:  46-55 

11.  A Bible  story  enacted  in  pantomime  while  the  story  is  read. 
Suggestions,  The  Story  of  the  finding  of  Moses,  of  Ruth  and  Naomi. 

12.  Hymn. 

13.  Camp  Fire  address. 

14.  Hymn  sung  by  Camp  Fire  Girls. 

15.  “Lay  Me  to  Sleep’’  (girls  are  all  seated). 

16.  Prayer  and  Benediction. 

17.  ‘‘Now  our  Camp  Fire’s  Burning  Low.”  (This  should  be  sung 
softly  while  the  circle  quietly  files  out.  One  verse  could  be  sung  as  an 
echo  when  all  the  girls  are  out.) 


CLOSIMG  301MG 

- - 

(\y  pi  f 1 I 

1 1'~  " 

. . . 

L: 4 ’ t 



■3  S S ^ 

Wow  our  camp  fir 

e fa  - d 

eth,  Now  the  flame 

■•4-  ^ 

\ burns  low. 

^ Now  all  Camp  Fire 

maid  - ens  to 

sluTTi-ber  land  n^st 

go . May  the 

y p . 

1 1 1 

i n ^ 1 iT^  T 1 ^ 

r 1 L J ^ 

ci  • u J 

7)  W-  ' 

'^peaceofthe  lapp-ing 

-r 

wa  - ter,  the  p€ 

face  of  the  still  sta- 

V • 

r-light.  The 

■ I r—V  ■ I 1 

w 1 - 1 _j  J 

1 r 1 

A w if  W P ^ 

peace  of  the  fire-1! 

\h — r 

it  for-est  be 

with  UB  through  the  nig 

ht.  The 

j j — ^ 

7 ■ r-— n 1 1 

A -4-  ^ ^ • -4-  -4-  ^ -Jf 

*'p.»oe  of  our  flre-llt  fae  - es  ba  with  ^ through  the  night. 

CHAPTER  VII 

FIRE  LORE 

We  have  adopted  fire  as  our  central  symbol,  embodying  It  In  our 
name,  Camp  Fire  Girls.  We  have  used  the  sun  as  the  Guardians' 
symbol,  because  sun  is  the  fountain  head  of  light  and  heat.  The 
home  is  built  around  the  hearth  fire;  the  hearth  fire  stands  for  all 
the  beautiful  pleasures  of  home  life;  the  feeling  of  protection,  the 
companionship  around  the  table,  the  love  of  family  and  of  friends. 
Besides  heat  and  illumination  and  brightness,  fire  means  energy.  The 
sun  gives  energy  to  all  living  things.  Fire  stands  for  spirit — some- 
thing higher  than  matter. 

Just  as  the  hearth  fire  means  the  spirit  of  the  home,  so  may  the 
community  fireplace  represent  the  spirit  of  the  whole  community. 
It  becomes  the  symbol  for  community  life,  for  social  awakening,  for 
the  spirit  of  democracy. 

Different  ICinds  of  Fire.  i.  There  are  various  kinds  of  fires  for 
cooking  that  every  girl  ought  to  be  able  to  make.  She  ought  also  to 
know  that  these  various  kinds  of  fire  serve  special  purposes.  All 
these  are  discussed  in  detail  in  the  chapter  on  outdoor  cooking. 

2.  Social  fires.  These  fires  are  small  rather  than  large.  The 
large  bonfire  is  boisterous,  hilarious,  restless,  exciting.  The  small  fire 
is  cozy,  comfortable,  sociable,  friendly. 

3.  Ceremonial  fires.  Such  fires  are  to  be  made  of  wood  standing  up, 
for  the  vertical  lines  of  the  wood,  the  ascending  flames  and  smoke  lift 
both  eyes  and  feelings  toward  the  heights.  The  ascending  smoke  of 
incense  is  uplifting.  Fires  with  the  wood  lying  flat  are  familiar, 
easy,  common.  Upstanding  fires  are  dignified.  The  ceremonial  fire 
should  be  of  pieces  of  wood  about  two  feet  long,  standing  on  end,  and 
should  burn  so  that  the  flames  do  not  reach  over  four  feet  high.  Many 
Council  Fires  have  been  spoiled  by  having  big,  boisterous  fires.  Many 
have  been  spoiled  by  having  flat,  common-place,  little  smudges.  There 
should  be  an  ample  supply  of  wood  at  hand,  and  in  charge  of  one 
person,  who  keeps  the  fire  just  right.  She  should  tend  the  fire  between 

83 


84  Camp  Fire  Girls 

exercises  only,  for  attending  to  the  fire  draws  attention  away  from  the 
exercises. 

To  make  a Council  Fire  which  will  burn  a long  time  without  having 
to  be  replenished,  get  good,  dry  pieces  of  wood  about  a foot  and  a half 
long.  Lay  them  solidly  together  so  as  to  form  a square;  on  top  of  these 
sticks,  and  across  them,  put  another  layer  of  sticks;  on  top  of  this 
another  layer,  crossing  in  the  other  direction  until  you  make  a struc- 
ture of  solid  wood  about  a foot  high.  You  then  build  your  fire  on  top 
of  this  and  it  will  burn  down  steadily  through  the  entire  pile. 

An  iron  pot,  half  filled  with  rock  salt  over  which  is  poured  as  much 
kerosene  as  the  salt  will  take  up,  may  be  sunk  level  with  the  earth 
under  the  Council  Fire.  This  helps  to  make  a steady,  long-burning 
fire. 

Candles  are  used,  when  necessary,  instead  of  fire,  at  Councils  and 
Grand  Councils.  The  candles  should  be  long.  The  candlestick 
should  be  long  and  perfectly  plain.  Many  ceremonies  are  made  to 
seem  absurd  by  using  ornate,  short  candlesticks.  A straight  piece 
of  log  with  a hole  bored  in  it  for  the  candle  is  far  better  than  the 
ornamented  candlestick.  These  things  must  be  simple  to  be  effective. 

At  a Grand  Council,  it  is  beautiful  to  see  each  Camp  Fire  come 
marching  in  with  slow,  measured  steps,  in  single  file,  led  by  the 
Guardian  with  a torch  representing  that  Camp  Fire.  As  they 
reach  the  center,  the  leaders  all  place  their  burning  torches  together 
on  the  ground,  and  the  Grand  Council  Fire  is  literally,  made  of  the 
Council  Fires. 

4.  Parent  Fires.  In  olden  days,  embers  used  to  be  carried  from 
the  home  of  the  bride’s  mother  to  the  new  home,  and  the  hearth  fire 
there  was  kindled  from  these,  thus  becoming  a continuation  of  the  old 
home  fire.  In  the  same  way.  Camp  Fire  girls  sometimes  bring,  from 
some  other  Council  Fire,  fire — a lighted  candle  or  lamp  or  a charred, 
burned-out  faggot — as  coals  to  start  their  first  Council  Fire. 

5.  The  Community  Fires.  Many  Camp  Fire  girls  are  building  com- 
munity fireplaces,  where  the  boys  and  girls  and  also  the  older  people 
can  get  together  to  express  their  friendship.  Sometimes  the  place 
chosen  for  the  erection  of  the  community  fireplace  is  a little  way  out 
of  town,  so  that  it  is  a good  place  to  which  to  take  a hike  and  to  cook 
their  supper  or  a place  for  a Fourth  of  July  celebration,  and  so  on. 


Fire  Lore 


85 

These  fireplaces  are  often  built  by  the  girls  themselves,  sometimes 
by  girls  and  boys  together.  Sometimes  they  are  structures  made  of 
stone  and  masonry  from  a design  furnished  by  an  architect  and  are 
erected  by  an  architect.  The  important  thing  is  that  they  stand  for 
the  social  life  of  the  community;  they  are  an  effort  to  make  it  more 
wholesome,  to  make  it  more  joyous,  to  make  it  a place  in  the  com- 
munity which  shall  stand  for  all  the  same  high  things  of  friendship 
that  the  fire  stands  for  in  the  home. 

Making  Fire.  On  ceremonial  occasions  it  is  impressive  to  make 
fire  with  the  rubbing  sticks.  To  do  this  with  any  degree  of  certainty 
demands  much  skill  and  good  implements.  It  is  worth  the  effort, 
however,  for  the  process  is  thrilling. 

“How  to  make  fire.  There  are  seven  parts  to  the  fire-making  outfit: 
the  bow  and  thong  (ii),  the  fire  board  (in),  the  fire  drill  (iv),  the 
thunder-bird  (i),  the  fire  pan,  tinder,  and  tinder-bag.  The  thunder- 
bird  is  either  a detachable  handle  made  from  a knot  of  wood  with  a 
hole  bored  into  it  (often  a coin  is  placed  in  this  hole),  or  a stone  with 
a hole  drilled  into  it.  A concave  piece  of  shell  may  sometimes  be 
used.  The  hole  in  the  thunder-bird  should  be  cut  to  fit  loosely  over 
the  upper  end  of  the  fire  drill,  in  such  a way  that  the  drill  can  turn 
with  as  little  friction  as  possible.  Soap,  or  a little  oil,  may  be  put 
into  the  hole  for  smoother  running.  The  fire  board  and  fire  drill 
should  be  made  from  balsam  fir,  which  is  the  best  wood  for  the  pui> 
pose.  The  bow  may  be  of  any  tough  wood  that  does  not  bend  easily. 


m 


86 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

A shingle  or  a piece  of  cardboard  may  be  used  for  the  fire  pan,  to 
catch  the  wood  dust  and  spark.  The  tinder  is  obtained  from  the 
inside  bark  of  trees  such  as  the  American  aspen,  chestnut,  or  cedar, 
and  is  used  as  fuel  to  feed  the  spark  as  it  is  blown  into  a flame. 

“The  thunder-bird,  in  which  one  end  of  the  fire  stick  is  placed,  is 
held  in  the  left  hand.  In  the  right  hand  is  the  bow.  The  thong 
is  wound  once  around  the  fire  stick  and  the  other  end  of  the  stick  is 
placed  in  one  of  the  notches  in  the  fire  board.  The  left  wrist  rests 
securely  against  the  left  shin. 

“The  left  foot  is  placed  firmly  on  the  fire  board,  while  kneeling  on 
the  right  knee.  The  wood  dust  becomes  scattered  if  the  fire  board 
moves  at  ail.  Now  the  bow  is  drawn,  slowly  and  steadily,  back  and 
forth,  until  it  can  be  worked  without  wabbling. 

“The  bow  is  then  drawn  faster  and  faster.  Experience  soon 
teaches  how  much  friction  is  required  to  make  the  spark.  With 
practice  it  may  often  be  produced  with  twenty  strokes.  It  is  a good 
plan  to  count  the  strokes,  so  as  to  judge  the  progress  better. 

“There  is  no  haste  after  the  spark  is  secured.  Fan  it  very  gently 
with  the  hand,  and  place  some  of  the  finest  tinder  from  the  bottom  of 
the  tinder-bag  around  and  touching  it,  and  then  a bunch  of  the  fibred 
tinder.  Then  get  into  a comfortable  position  and  blow  the  spark  very 
gently,  keeping  one  hand  over  it  to  protect  it.  Hold  the  fire  so  that 
the  smoke  is  not  blown  into  the  face.  There  is  almost  always  enough 
draft  to  take  the  smoke  away,  if  you  hold  it  correctly.  Of  course,  the 
fire  to  be  kindled  must  be  laid  before  beginning  to  make  fire.  The 
burning  tinder  is  now  placed  so  as  to  kindle  the  fire,  or,  if  candles  are  to 
be  lighted,  a wax  taper  is  first  lighted,  and  the  burning  tinder  is  put 
out.  Whatever  is  left  should  be  replaced  in  the  tinder-bag.  It  is  not 
easily  obtained.’’ 

Different  Ways  of  Making  Fire.  Walter  Hough,  of  the  Bureau  of 
Ethnology,  at  Washington,  has  made  fire  in  all  the  ways  known  to 
have  been  used  by  primitive  man.  He  says  that  almost  any  kind  of 
wood  may  be  used  in  making  fire,  but  that  it  is  much  more  difficult 
with  some  kinds  than  with  others,  and  is  almost  impossible  with  wood 
that  is  the  least  pitchy,  as  the  pitch  prevents  any  wood  dust  from 
gathering.  It  is  the  bunching  of  wood  dust,  with  friction,  that  pro- 
duces sufficient  heat  to  make  the  spark. 


Fire  Lore 


87 

One’s  fire-making  outfit  may  be  decorated  most  attractively  with 
fire  symbols.  The  bow  and  thunder-bird  may  be  carved  and  painted, 
while  the  tinder-bag  offers  opportunity  for  beautiful  beadwork, 
besides  the  painting  of  symbols. 

Putting  Out  Fires.  Great  care  must  be  taken  to  put  out  fires 
before  leaving  them,  for  many  fires  that  appeared  to  have  been  dead 
have  been  fanned  into  great  devastating  forest  fires  by  breezes. 
Water  poured  on  so  as  to  soak  all  the  wood  and  ashes  is  of  course 
a good  way  to  put  out  a fire.  Covering  it  with  sand  is  effective. 
Cutting  sods  and  covering  the  fire  with  them  is  all  right,  if  carefully 
done.  Whipping  it  with  sticks  till  no  sparks  remain  is  all  right,  too. 
Some  one  person  should  be  responsible  to  see  that  the  fire  is  out. 

Always  carry  some  matches  in  a waterproof  container  when 
tramping. 

The  Camp  Fire  Girl’s  Fire  Dream 

1.  She  dreams  about  the  fires  she  built  when  she  was  a little  girl: 
"Those  were  beautiful  fires — 

Those  fires  I made  on  the  sand. 

The  fires  I made  in  the  bank. 

The  little  stove  holes  I made  in  the  bank — 

The  fires  on  which  I cooked. 

And  then  the  fires  father  made — 

Around  which  we  sat  and  dreamed  and  saw  things. 

Those  were  just  play  fires,  dear. 

How  wonderful  the  real  fire  is — 

How  mysterious — 

How  it  pulls  us  all  together!” 

2.  She  dreams  about  the  fireplace  she  is  now  building: 

"Let  us — all  of  us  girls. 

Build  a place  for  fire 
To  which  we  may  all  come. 

As  a family  gathers  round  the  fire,  and  love  is  there, 

So  let  us  have  a fireplace 
That  will  be  to  all  of  us  what 
The  fire  has  been  for  the  home.” 


88 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

3.  She  dreams  about  the  woman  she  is  going  to  be: 

“Oh!  Woman  that  I am  going  to  be! 

Don’t  forget  the  place  for  fire  we  made! 

Build  it  deeper,  larger,  finer; 

^ And  build  around  it  all  the  beautiful,  healthful,  happy  things 
That  woman  has  always  built  around  the  fire  where  her  love  was. 
And  this  great  place  for  fire  shall  be  to  all 
The  symbol  for  love  and  protection, 

For  comradeship,  for  the  Spirit  of  Woman, 

Bringing  her  heart’s  own  love  to  the  fire  of  humankind. 

To  this,  our  common  fireplace. 

Our  place  for  the  community  fire.” 


CHAPTER  VIII 

OUTDOOR  COOKING 


Outdoor  cooking  is  beipg  appreciated  more  and  more  every  day. 
One  of  the  best  sports  and  most  healthy  and  invigorating  pastimes 
is  to  strap  a few  necessities  on  one’s  back  and  go  away  for  one  or  two 
days*  trip.  To  be  able  to  get  far  into  the  woods,  away  from  houses, 
stores,  and  restaurants,  and  depend  upon  one’s  own  resources  is  a 
delightful  experience. 

For  real  camp  cookery,  one  of  the  best  books  available  is  “The 
Book  of  Camp  Cookery”  by  Horace  Kephart.  This  is  most  valuable 
to  any  campers  wanting  menus  suitable  to  the  wilds  and  wilder- 
ness where  fresh  fruit  and  supplies  are  difficult  to  obtain.  Govern- 
ment Bulletins  on  food  or  dietetics  can  be  had  by  sending  to  the 
Nutrition  Division  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Building  the  Fire.  A fire  for  cooking  should  be  very  small.  If 
it  is  too  large  it  is  difficult  to  work  around,  and  food  is  very  likely 
to  burn.  To  further  minimize  the  heat  while  cooking  things  which 
take  a long  time,  use  a long  clean  stick  for  stirring. 

In  choosing  wood  for  a cooking  fire,  select  pieces  which  are  dry  and 
break  with  a snap.  The  dead  lower  branches  of  most  trees,  espe- 
cially pine,  are  the  best  material. 

If  it  is  necessary  to  use  wet  wood,  shave  a stick  in  small  pieces. 
Make  a small,  tent-shaped  structure  of  the  shavings,  leaving  an  open- 
ing in  which  to  insert  a match.  Pile  this  gradually  with  larger  wood 
until  it  is  about  four  inches  high.  Light  the  match  and  insert  it  in 
the  opening,  letting  it  remain  there  until  all  is  burned  up.  Keep 
your  hand  over  the  tent  while  lighting  it.  It  may  be  necessary  to 
light  and  bum  several  matches  before  the  pile  will  start  to  burn.  A 
fire  started  with  paper  is  likely  to  be  scattered,  and  the  heat  not 
concentrated  enough  to  keep  the  wood  burning.  The  paper  burns 
out  and  then  the  fire  goes  out.  Wet  wood  will  burn  if  the  fire  once 
gets  started,  and  is  kept  well  fed. 

89 


90  Camp  Fire  Girls 

Fire  Suggestions,  i.  Dead  twigs  from  standing  trees — espe- 
cially pine — ignite  more  easily  than  dead  wood  lying  on  the  ground. 

2.  Where  there  is  pine,  hunt  for  birch.  Hickory,  oak,  and  walnut 
are  preferable  to  maples  and  willows. 

3.  If  it  is  raining,  get  splinters  from  the  dry  side  of  an  old  stump. 
In  continuous  damp  weather  cut  into  a pine  stump — pine  will  burn  in 
any  kind  of  weather,  if  cut  deep  enough. 

4.  Do  not  light  a fire  against  a stump.  You  cannot  put  it  out. 

5.  Never  leave  a camping  place,  even  for  a short  time,  until  you 
are  sure  that  the  fire  is  quite  out. 

Cleaning  Up.  When  you  break  camp,  leave  your  camping  site 
clean.  Do  not  throw  cans,  papers,  and  refuse  about.  A hole  should 
be  dug,  and  all  garbage  and  refuse  buried  each  day,  while  papers 
should  be  burned.  Leave  the  camping  place  as  clean  as  you  find  it 
or  cleaner,  if  your  predecessors  have  been  careless.  Experienced 
campers  put  cleanliness  as  a first  requirement. 

Fire  Control.  In  choosing  a spot  on  which  to  build  a camp  fire, 
make  sure  that  there  is  no  inflammable,  dry  grass  near.  Fire  will 
sometimes  run  along  the  ground  under  green  grass,  near  roots,  a long 
distance,  and,  yards,  or  even  rods  away,  suddenly  spring  into  a de- 
stroying flame,  which- it  may  be  impossible  to  put  out.  Many  forest 
fires  start  in  this  way. 

1.  Note  the  direction  of  the  wind  and  relative  locations  of  buildings, 
brush  piles,  roots,  dry  grass,  etc. 

2.  If  the  wind  is  high,  fire  should  be  protected  by  earth  banks, 
which  will  prevent  sparks  carrying.  The  lee  side  of  a rock,  stone 
fence,  or  bank  makes  a good  place  for  a fire  where  there  is  danger  of 
the  sparks  being  carried. 

3.  Do  not  build  big  fires  unless  they  are  needed  for  warmth.  They 
are  difl&cult  to  put  out. 

4.  Do  not  start  stump  or  big  log  fires  unless  you  expect  to  camp 
in  that  place  for  two  or  three  days.  Often,  when  it  seems  that  the 
flame  is  extinguished,  a bit  of  wind  will  cause  it  to  start  up  again.  A 
stump  will  sometimes  suddenly  burst  into  flames  hours  after  every 
appearance  of  fire  has  been  extinguished. 

5.  Never  leave  a fire  until  you  are  sure  that  it  is  out. 


Outdoor  Cooking  91 

6.  Make  sure  that  all  fires  are  extinguished  before  breaking  camp. 
If  there  is  sufficient  water  near,  drench  them  thoroughly.  If  there  is 
any  doubt,  throw  fresh,  moist  earth  over  the  fire,  stamping  it  to 
smother  all  coals. 

,7.  Do  not  leave  matches  lying  about  your  camping  place. 

Safety  First.  A fire  in  a forest  or  on  a prairie  is  one  of  the  most 
destructive  forces  with  which  man  has  to  contend.  Thousands  of 
acres  of  valuable  forests  have  been  destroyed,  countless  creatures  of 
the  wild  burned  to  death  or  made  homeless,  and  human  life  sacrificed 
because  of  one  tiny,  unquenched  spark. 

1.  Never  allow  a fire  to  get  out  of  its  assigned  place.  If  it  “runs’' 
so  much  as  a foot,  it  should  be  checked  at  once. 

2.  If  a fire  gains  headway  in  the  grass,  green  branches  may  be  used 
to  beat  it  out.  If  it  cannot  be  beaten  out,  it  may  be  directed  toward 
a stream,  and  confined  within  lines  leading  to  the  stream.  Wet  sacks 
or  garments  may  also  be  used  to  beat  out  fire.  These  must  be  dipped 
in  water  frequently.  In  case  of  fire  apparently  getting  out  of  control 
everything  in  camp  should  be  sacrificed,  if  necessary,  and  fire  beaters 
may  be  made  of  blankets,  coats,  tents,  etc. 

3.  Do  not  wait  for  a fire  to  become  dangerous  before  reporting  it. 
A messenger  should  be  sent  at  once  to  the  nearest  farm  house  or 
point  of  possible  assistance.  If  those  remaining  in  camp  succeed 
in  putting  out  the  fire,  no  harm  is  done  by  having  reported  it.  There 
is  always  the  danger  that  it  cannot  be  controlled. 

4.  Fires  in  the  prairie  are  not  less  dangerous  than  those  in  the 
forest,  and  should  not  be  allowed  to  run  their  course. 

Kinds  of  Fires.  Fire  No.  i.  Build  fireplace  of  two  or  three 
large  stones.  Keep  the  fire  fed  with  sticks  of  wood  a little  larger 
around  than  your  thumb.  Use  a green  stick  to  lift  the  kettle  oflP  and 
on  the  fire. 

Fire  No.  2.  Place  two  logs  parallel  to  each  other,  and  just  far 
enough  apart  so  that  the  frying  pan  will  not  fall  between,  but  will 
rest  on  them.  Build  a fire  between  these.  This  kind  of  a fire  is  an 
excellent  one  to  be  used  when  several  things  have  to  be  cooked  at 
once. 

Fire  No.  3.  Each  girl  should  find  a green  stick  with  a pronged 


92 


Camp  Fire  Girls 


end.  The  fire  may  be  extended  farther  between  the  logs  for  making 
the  toast,  or,  if  the  morning  is  cool,  a fire  for  warmth  may  be  built 
at  a distance  from  the  cooking  fire  which  may  be  used  for  toasting. 


Fire  No.  2 


Fire  No.  i 


/V/  /y 


Place  a piece  of  bread  on  the  prongs  of  the  stick,  hold  over  the  hot 
coals  and  brown.  When  done  on  one  side,  turn.  (Charcoal  makes 
an  ideal  toasting  fire.) 

Fire  No.  4.  Build  a fire  of  fairly  good  sized  wood,  say  as  big  as 
youir  arm,  and  spread  it  over  an  area  of  2 feet  each  way.  Keep  the 
fire  well  piled  with  wood  until  almost  ready  to  use  it;  then  let  it  die 
down  to  coals. 


Fire  No.  3 Fire  No.  4. 


No.  5.  Reflector  Baker.  Drive  two  stakes  into  the  ground  at 
each  end  of  fireplace  about  sixteen  inches  away  from  the  oven.  In 
this  rack  place  a tier  of  small  green  logs  about  the  size  of  the  wrist. 
Stand  the  fuel  for  fire  on  end  so  that  heat  from  top  and  bottom  is 
reflected  into  oven. 

How  to  use  Baker — a folding  Baker  can  be  purchased  in  aluminum, 
sheet  steel,  or  tin,  or  it  can  be  constructed  out  of  a syrup  tin  cut  and 
bent  to  shape.  The  Baker  is  placed  about  eighteen  inches  from  the 


Outdoor  Cooking  93 

fire.  If  necessary,  it  can  be  moved  either  way,  from  or  nearer  to  the 
fire.  A hot  flaming  fire  of  short  duration  but  high  in  flame  two  or 
three  feet  is  needed.  Baking  must  be  done  hot  from  the  start  and 
finished  in  fifteen  minutes  if  the  biscuit  or  corn  bread  is]to  rise  properly. 
The  shelf  on  which  the  biscuits  are  placed  may  need  to  be  turned  in 
order  that  the  biscuits  may  be  cooked  evenly. 


Fire  No.  5 


Fire  No.  6.  Stick  firmly  two  forked  green  sticks  into  the  ground 
about  2|  feet  apart.  Over  these  place  a straight  piece.  Build  a fire 
between  the  upright  sticks. 


^ Fire  No.  6 

Cooking  Fire  No.  7.  Take  a green  pole  7 or  8 ft.  long  and  place 
it  across  a green  forked  stick  which  has  been  placed  upright  in  the 


firc^No.  7 


94  Camp  Fire  Girls 

ground.  Weight  the  heavy  end  down  with  a log  or  stone.  Build  a 
fire  under  the  high  end  and  hang  the  kettle  on  to  cook. 

8.  Broiling  and  Toasting  Fire.  It  must  be  small,  hot,  pro- 
tected from  the  wind,  and  made  of  dry  wood.  The  wood  must  be 
small  enough  to  burn  rapidly  and  large  enough  to  make  coals  without 
smoke  or  flame.  The  fire  must  be  small  so  that  you  can  work  over 
it  without  burning  your  hands,  and  so  that  it  will  broil,  rather  than  dry 
things  up.  Do  not  try  to  broil  until  the  fire  has  burned  low  enough 
to  make  coals.  It  must  be  protected  from  the  wind  or  it  will  be 
tricky,  exasperating,  and  futile.  It  must  be  made  of  dry  wood  so  it 
will  be  hot. 

9.  Boiling  Fire  and  Supports.  The  fire  may  be  of  larger 
wood  than  the  broiling  fire,  for  it  is  to  be  used  longer.  Make  a sup- 
port from  which  to  swing  a kettle,  either  with  wires  or  sticks,  or  a 
support  of  stones  that  will  support  or  hold  a kettle  or  a frying  pan 
and  yet  leave  space  for  a good  fire. 

10.  Roasting  and  Baking  Fire.  Make  a large  fire  of  larger 
woods  and  let  it  die  down  so  that  there  is  a good  bed  of  coals  and 
ashes  under  the  burning  wood. 


Menus 

Specimen  meals  planned  for  six  people 

Breakfast  No.  1.  Fire  No.  2.  Stewed  fruit,  eggs,  cocoa,  toast. 

Supplies:  Nine  eggs,  one  loaf  of  bread,  nine  teaspoons  of  cocoa, 
twelve  teaspoons  sugar,  two  cups  of  condensed  milk,  four  cups  of 
water,  one  quarter  pound  of  butter. 

Cocoa.  Mix  the  cocoa  and  sugar  together  until  all  lumps  dis- 
appear, and  form  a paste  with  a little  water.  Add  the  rest  of  the 
water,  bring  to  a boil,  then  add  the  milk  and  heat  to  boiling  point. 
Do  not  boil. 

Eggs  and  Toast.  Fire  No.  3.  These  may  be  cooked  in  different 
ways  by  the  different  members  of  the  party  if  an  honor  is  desired. 
By  using  the  frying  pan,  you  may  fry,  scramble,  boil,  poach,  or  make 
a creamy  omelet.  Bacon  fat  is  the  best  for  frying  in  camp.  It  has 
an  out-of-door  flavor. 


Dolls  and  scrap  books  made  by  Camp  Fire  Girls 
for  the  children’s  hospital 


Making  their  ceremonial  gowns  at  a Camp  Fire  meeting 


Little  children  acting  out  the  story  of  Moses  in  the  bulrushes  at  a Sunday  pageant  in  camp 


Outdoor  Cooking  95 

Breakfast  No.  2.  Fire  No.  2.  Griddle  Cakes  and  syrup,  3 
slices  of  ham,  fresh  fruit. 

Griddle  cakes — three  cups  of  flour,  teaspoon  baking  powder, 
I teaspoon  salt,  J cup  of  sugar,  2 cups  milk,  i egg. 

Mix  dry  ingredients,  add  milk,  and  beaten  egg.  Beat  thoroughly 
and  add  melted  butter.  Drop  by  spoonfuls  on  greased  hot  griddle. 
Cook  on  one  side.  When  full  of  bubbles  and  cooked  on  edges,  turn, 
and  cook  on  other  side. 

Breakfast  No.  3.  Fire  No.  2.  French  Toast,  prunes. 

French  Toast.  10  slices  bread,  i cup  milk,  i cup  water,  3 eggs, 
bacon,  syrup.  Beat  eggs  with  a fork  and  add  milk.  Season  with 
salt  and  pepper.  Heat  the  frying  pan  and  grease  well  with  bacon, 
leaving  a piece  in  the  pan.  Dip  the  slices  of  bread  in  the  egg  mixture 
and  fry  to  a nice  brown.  Eat  with  syrup. 

j 

Dinner  No.  1.  Mutton  stew,  biscuits,  and  jam. 

Mutton  Stew — 2 lbs.  mutton  (from  neck),  2 qts.  cold  water,  I tea- 
spoon  salt,  a little  pepper,  3 tablespoons  barley,  2 carrots,  a small 
onion.  Remove  the  fat  and  cut  the  meat  in  small  pieces  and  put  in 
kettle  with  the  bones,  cover  with  cold  water.  Cook  slowly  till  meat 
is  tender,  then  cool  and  skim  the  fat.  Reheat  to  boiling  point  and 
add  the|barley  and  vegetables.  Cook  until  the  latter  are  tender* 
Rice  can  be  used  instead  of  barley — the  latter  must  be  soaked  over- 
night. Biscuits  or  dumplings  are  excellent  with  this  dish. 

Biscuits — I qt.  flour,  i teaspoon  salt,  | lb.  can  condensed  milk, 
4 level  teaspoons  baking  powder,  2 tablespoons  butter,  i tablespoon 
lard.  tUse  Fire  No.  5.  Mix  flour,  baking  powder  and  salt  together. 
Rub  in  lard  and  butter  with  finger  tips,  add  milk  and  enough  water  tn 
roll  out.  Roll  on  a floured  board  with  a bottle  and  cut  out  with  a 
cup  or  tip  of  can.  Place  on  tin  in  reflecting  oven. 

Dinner  No.  2.  Fire  No.  7.  Spaghetti  with  tomato  sauce,  jam 
sandwiches. 

Spaghetti — i cup  of  spaghetti  broken  up,  2 qts.  boiling  water,  tblsp. 
salt.  Cook  spaghetti  in  boiling  salted  water  forty  minutes,  or  until  it 
is  soft.  Drain  thoroughly.  Serve  with  cheese,  tomato,  or  white  sauce. 

Tomato  sauce — f cup  butter,  i onion  finely  chopped,  f teaspoon 
salt,  a little  pepper,  i small  can  of  condensed  tomatoes.  Cook  onion. 


96  Camp  Fire  Girls 

butter,  and  seasoning  for  five  minutes,  then  add  tomato  and  one  cup 
of  water.  Cook  15  minutes. 

Supper  No.  1«  Fires  No.  1 and  No.  4.  Corn  Chowder,  bread 
and  butter,  fudge. 

Corn  chowder — i can  corn,  4 cups  parboiled  potatoes,  i small  onion, 
Ipb.  bacon,  2 cups  milk,  i cup  water,  6 common  crackers,  salt  and 
pepper  to  taste.  Cut  the  bacon  into  small  dice,  fry  until  crisp,  add 
the  onion  diced  and  fry  all  together  until  a light  brown,  stirring  con- 
stantly. Then  add  corn.  Cook  until  hot,  add  potatoes  diced,  and 
water.  Season  with  salt  and  pepper.  Add  a few  broken  crackers  and 
milk.  Take  from  fire  and  serve  immediately.  If  preferred,  | of 
corn  to  I of  tomatoes  can  be  used.  If  so,  milk  must  not  cook  in  the 
mixture  or  it  will  curdle. 

Fudge — 3 cups  sugar,  3 squares  unsweetened  chocolate,  cup  milk 
or  5c.  can  evaporated  milk  and  J can  water  (use  no  butter  with  the 
latter)  | tablespoon  butter.  Cook  together  in  the  frying  pan  until  it 
forms  a soft  ball  when  dropped  into  cold  water,  set  to  one  side  to  cool. 

Supper  No.  2.  Baked  beans,  peach  sauce,  bread  and  butter. 

Baked  beans — 2|  cups  of  beans,  piece  of  salt  pork  (size  of  fist),  or 
small  piece  of  bacon  rind,  i teaspoon  salt,  i tablespoon  sugar  or 


Beans  cooking  in  bean  hole 


Outdoor  Cooking  97 

molasses.  Wash  beans  and  soak  overnight.  Next  morning  parboil 
them  until  skins  split.  Place  beans  in  heated  earthen  pot  with  pork 
in  the  center,  add  salt  and  sugar.  Cover  securely  with  lid. 

How  to  make  a bean  boil.  Dig  a hole  i|  feet  in  diameter,  and 
feet  deep.  This  should  be  lined  with  stones;  a fire  should  be  kept 
burning  in  it  for  several  hours  before  it  is  to  be  used,  so  that  the  stones 
will  be  made  hot.  When  the  beans  are  ready,  the  ashes  and  coals 
should  be  raked  out,  the  prepared  pot  put  in  the  hole  and  covered 
with  hot  coals.  The  whole  should  be  covered  with  earth  and  in  case 
of  rain  with  pieces  of  bark  and  should  be  left  for  six  or  eight  hours. 
Peach  sauce — i lb.  dried  peaches,  | cup  sugar.  Soak  peaches  over- 
night. Cover  with  cold  water  and  stew  slowly  until  soft.  Add  sugar 
and  boil  about  live  minutes.  These  may  be  eaten  hot  or  cold. 

Supper  No.  3.  Club  sandwiches,  fruit. 

Sandwiches — i lb.  sliced  bacon,  i head  lettuce,  2 lbs.  fresh  tomatoes, 
I loaf  bread,  J lb.  butter.  Wash  lettuce,  peel  tomatoes,  cook  bacon 
on  a green  stick.  Place  lettuce,  tomato,  and  bacon  between  two 
slices  of  bread  and  butter  or  toast.  The  butter  is  not  necessary. 

Supper  No.  4.  Fire  No.  6.  Rice  and  baked  apples,  cheese 
sandwiches. 

Rice — I cup  rice,  i tablespoon  salt,  2 quarts  water.  To  boil  rice 
properly,  wash  the  rice  thoroughly  in  cold,  salted  water.  Then 
put  it  into  a pot  of  furiously  boiling  fresh  water,  no  salt  being 
added.  Keep  the  pot  boiling  hard  for  twenty  minutes  but  do  not  stir. 
Then  drain  off  the  water,  place  the  rice  over  a very  moderate  fire 
(hang  high  over  camp  fire),  and  let  it  swell  and  dry  for  half  an  hour. 
(Kephart  Camp  Cookery.) 

Baked  apples — Peel  a green  stick  a little  larger  around  than  your 
thumb  and  make  it  smooth.  Core  the  apples  and  slide  on  the  stick. 
Rest  one  end  of  the  stick  on  a forked  stick  near  the  fire  and  let  the 
other  end  rest  on  the  ground.  Turn  the  stick  often  and  keep  the 
apples  cooking  evenly.  When  soft,  cut  or  slide  off  the  stick. 

Camp  Supply  List.  The  following  list  of  supplies  is  selected  with 
reference  to  saving  of  weight  and  bulk  in  carrying  a pack.  It  consists 
largely  of  concentrated  foods  and  those  which  give  the  proper  kind  of 


98  Camp  Fire  Girls 

nourishment  with  the  absence  of  fresh  meats,  fruits,  and  green  vege- 
tables. From  this  list  various  kinds  of  bread  or  substitutes  for  bread 
can  be  made,  such  as  biscuits,  Johnny  Cakes,  unleavened  bread,  corn 
batter  cakes,  griddle  cakes,  flapjacks,  fried  mush,  and  dumplings,  etc. 
Many  combination  dishes  to  take  the  place  of  meats  can  be  made  such 
as  macaroni  with  cheese  or  tomato  sauce,  rice  cooked  with  chopped 
bacon,  tomato  sauce  or  left-over  meat.  Many  soups  can  be  made 
from  this  list  such  as  puree  of  beans  or  peas,  potato  soup,  or  tomato 
bisque.  Desserts  such  as  rice  cooked  with  dried  fruits,  apples,  dates, 
figs  or  raisins;  peach,  apricot  or  apple  sauce;  chocolate  blancmange 
using  cornstarch.  Many  jellies  can  be  made  from  dried  fruits. 

Breakfast  Foods — flour,  bran  flour,  cornmeal,  oatmeal,  cream  of 
wheat. 

Vegetables — rice,  beans,  red  lima  or  kidney  beans,  split  peas,  lentils, 
samp  or  big  hominy,  potatoes,  onions. 

Dehydrated  and  concentrated  foods  are  good  where  supplies  are  diffi- 
cult to  obtain  such  as  tomato  paste,  egg  powder,  milk  powder,  or 
evaporated  milk. 

Meats — cured  or  canned  meats  such  as  ham,  salt  pork,  bacon,  cod- 
fish, salmon  or  tuna  fish  (but  if  possible  secure  fresh  fish  or  game), 
cheese,  nuts. 

Fruits — dried  peaches,  apricots,  prunes,  figs,  apples,  dates,  and 
raisins.  Fresh  berries  where  possible. 

Other  Supplies — salt,  pepper,  baking  powder,  sugar,  vinegar,  lemons, 
eating  chocolate,  cocoa,  macaroni,  hard  tack,  cornstarch,  marmalade, 
honey,  jams,  etc. 

Good  catalogues  for  reference  can  be  procured  from  David  J.  Aber- 
crombie, 17  Warren  St.,  N.  Y. — “Complete  Outfits.’*  Von  Lengerke 
and  Detmold,  200  Fifth  Avenue,  N.  Y.,  “Fishing  and  Camping 
Catalogue.”  Abercrombie  & Fitch,  45th  and  Madison  Ave.,  N.  Y* 

All  large  departnoent  stores  carry  camping  equipments. 


CHAPTER  IX 

CAMPING  AND  HIKING 


No  girl  can  go  for  a hike  or  camping  trip  in  the  right  spirit  and  not 
get  more  out  of  it  than  just  the  knowledge  that  she  is  getting  excellent 
physical  exercise.  First  there  is  the  self-confidence  that  comes  from 
knowing  that  she  can  endure  inconvenience  and  often  hardship; 
second,  there  is  the  deep  feeling  for  the  out-of-doors,  for  stretches  of 
white  road,  shaded  paths,  brown  earth,  green  grass,  rocks,  and  springy 
turf  under  her  feet;  and  third,  there  is  the  joy  and  exhilaration  of 
comradeship  generated  by  sharing  pleasures,  conquering  difficulties, 
and  enduring  hardships  together. 

Clothing.  One  reason  why  people  tire  so  quickly  when  walking 
is  because  they  are  often  not  suitably  dressed.  Clothing  must  be 
light.  Woolen  garments  are  best,  as  they  absorb  moisture;  cotton 
remains  wet,  and  so  is  unhealthy.  Woolen  undergarments,  thick  for 
winter,  and  thin  for  summer;  bloomers  with  or  without  skirt  (under- 
skirts are  useless  and  only  add  weight);  middy,  sweater,  and  woolen 
stockings — these  make  the  best  girPs  equipment  for  long  walks. 

Kind  of  shoes.  Low,  wide  heels  are  preferable  to  the  flat  sneaker, 
because  they  are  not  so  tiring.  Sneakers  or  tennis  shoes  are  all  right 
for  short  walks  on  dry  summer  roads.  They  should  not  be  worn  for 
long  tramps  or  for  climbing,  and  they  are  harmful  for  any  one  having 
weak  ankles.  Thick,  hob-nailed,  high  shoes  are  best  for  mountain 
or  hill  climbing;  they  prevent  slipping  and  support  the  ankles.  Shoes 
with  nails  are  not  desirable  for  walking  on  roads. 

How  to  care  for  the  feet,  (a)  It  is  surprising  that  men  take  much 
more  care  of  their  feet  than  do  women.  A man  knows  that  it  is  better 
to  buy  good  leather  shoes  made  on  wide,  comfortable  lasts,  than  cheap, 
fashionable  modes.  The  soldier  who  has  comfortable  shoes  will  keep 
fit  much  longer  than  the  man  whose  shoes  are  badly  worn  or  do  not 
fit  well. 

(b)  Wear  woolen  stockings.  Take  one  or  two  extra  pairs;  a fresh 
pair  should  be  put  on  each  day.  Perspiration  hardens  the  stockings 


99 


ICXD 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

and  causes  blisters.  Cotton  stockings  wear  out  more  quickly  than  do 
woolen  stockings,  and  a hole  in  one’s  stocking  soon  causes  a blister. 

(c)  Keep  the  feet  clean;  wash  them  every  night,  using  hot  water, 
if  possible. 

(d)  If  the  feet  blister,  apply  smoothly  a strip  of  adhesive  plaster, 
an  inch  and  a half  or  two  inches  wide,  over  the  tender  spot  before 
putting  on  the  stockings.  If  applied  to  the  heel,  the  adhesive  plaster 
should  be  long  enough  to  cover  the  back  of  the  heel  and  come  around 
the  side. 

Each  morning  just  before  putting  on  the  shoes  lather  with  a cake 
of  good  soap  slightly  moistened  the  outside  of  the  woolen  stockings. 
This  keeps  the  shoes  from  rubbing  the  feet  and  will  prevent  blisters. 

Take  off  the  shoes  once  or  twice  during  the  tramp.  It  is  surprising 
how  this  rests  the  feet. 

Grease  the  shoes  every  few  days  with  neat-foot  oil,  mutton  fat, 
or  other  grease  which  the  leather  will  absorb.  After  being  wet,  shoes 
should  always  be  well  dried  and  greased.  This  keeps  them  soft  and 
water-tight.  Never  dry  shoes  in  a hot  place — it  ruins  the  leather. 

Outfit.  Often,  in  emergencies,  the  little  things  which  one  can 
carry  in  one’s  pockets  prove  very  important.  Good  things  to  carry 
on  a short  hiking  trip  are:  a small  pocket  compass,  a policeman’s 
whistle,  camper’s  knife  (with  can  opener),  and  a water-tight  match 
box  filled  with  matches.  A good  water-tight  match  box  is  a shaving 
stick  box. 

Deep  Breathing.  Walking  offers  a splendid  opportunity  for  deep 
breathing.  Inhale  slowly  while  taking  five  steps,  hold  the  breath  five 
counts,  then  let  it  slowly  out  while  counting  five.  This  is  very  in- 
vigorating. While  resting,  occasionally  practise  deep  breathing. 
Combine  this  with  relaxation. 

How  to  Carry  Equipment.  The  best  way  to  carry  a pack  is  on 
one’s  back.  The  supporting  straps  should  be  attached  to  the  top  of 
the  pack  in  the  form  of  a “V,”  should  pass  over  each  shoulder,  and  be 
fastened  at  the  lower  ends  to  the  lower  corners  of  the  pack.  A good 
pack  or  knapsack  can  be  quite  easily  made  with  a flap  to  fasten  over 
and  button,  so  as  to  keep  the  contents  from  falling  out.  If  hands  and 


lOI 


Camping  and  Hiking 

arms  are  quite  free,  one  is  far  more  comfortable;  this  is  especially 
necessary  for  climbing. 

When  possible,  select  the  sleeping  place  beforehand,  and  have  the 
ponchos  and  food  conveyed  by  vehicle  or  boat.  This  leaves  only  the 
lunch  to  be  carried,  and  the  less  one  carries,  the  less  one  will  tire. 
It  is  a good  thing,  however,  if  only  once,  to  carry  personally  all  that  is 
needed  for  a day  and  night  on  the  road. 

Eating  and  Drinking.  Light  and  nourishing  meals  are  best; 
rich  cake  and  much  candy  are  bad,  and  comparatively  little  food  is 
required  when  on  the  road.  It  is  unwise  to  tramp  after  a heavy  meal. 

(a.)  Drink  but  little  when  tramping.  A lemon  is  a splendid  thing 
to  carry;  suck  a slice  at  intervals.  Oranges  and  apples  are  also  good. 

(b.)  Lunch  suggestions:  hard  boiled  eggs;  egg,  date,  sardine,  cheese, 
jam,  or  tomato  sandwiches.  If  you  are  chilled,  make  a pot  of  hot 
tea  or  chocolate. 

Useful  Hints  to  Remember,  (a)  When  going  through  unfamil- 
iar woods,  blaze  the  trail,  either  by  piling  stones,  or  tying  colored  rags 
to  the  trees.  (Devise  new  and  original  ways  of  blazing  a trail,  ways 
which  will  not  harm  the  trees.) 

(b)  Note  landmarks. 

(c)  Look  ahead,  but  sometimes  look  back,  and  note  the  trail  behind. 
A good  woodsman  is  always  on  the  alert,  and  nothing  escapes  his 
notice. 

(d)  If  you  are  lost:  (i)  Do  not  allow  yourself  to  become  frightened 
or  excited.  (2)  Climb  a tree  and  seek  familiar  landmarks;  look  for 
the  smoke  of  camp.  (3)  Call,  sing  together,  or  use  your  whistle  and 
wait  for  response  from  your  friends.  (4)  Try  to  find  a stream,  and 
follow  up  or  down  according  to  the  position  of  camp.  (5)  Do  not 
try  to  go  forward  or  back  until  you  are  sure — have  a definite  point 
toward  which  to  go;  blaze  your  trail  as  you  go,  so  that  you  can  tell 
if  you  are  travelling  in  a circle.  (6)  Always  keep  together. 

A Few  Simple  Rules  for  Training. 

1.  Keep  early  hours. 

2.  Never  eat  between  meals. 


102  Camp  Fire  Girls 

3.  Do  not  overeat;  avoid  rich  foods,  and  do  not  eat  candy  between 
meals. 

4.  Do  not  drink  much  at  meals. 

5.  Take  plenty  of  vigorous  out-of-door  exercise.  Running  and 
skipping  are  especially  good. 

How  to  Walk  or  Climb.  Good  walkers  always  start  slowly. 
Alpine  climbers  start  off  almost  at  a snail’s  pace  until  they  get  their 
second  wind,  and  then  gradually  increase  the  pace. 

Experienced  walkers  say  that  it  is  bad  to  rest  except  for  a very  short 
time;  otherwise  one  gets  stiff.  When  resting,  entirely  relax,  if  possible, 
by  lying  flat  on  the  ground. 

Walk  in  step,  singing  walking  songs  or  jingles.  This  keeps  the 
mind  busy  and  keeps  up  the  spirits  of  every  one.  There  is  nothing 
like  singing  together  to  give  team  spirit. 

Good  Rules  for  W alking: 

1.  No  one  should  pass  the  pacemaker. 

2.  The  pace  should  be  that  of  the  slowest  of  the  party 

3.  Never  question  the  ruling  of  the  captain. 

4.  Take  turns  at  being  pacemaker. 

5.  Always  look  cheerful  and  ‘‘play  the  game.’* 

To  Relieve  Stiffness: 

1.  Hot  baths  and  massage  relieve  muscular  soreness.  After  a 
long  walk,  take  a hot  bath,  and  go  to  bed  early. 

2.  The  best  remedy  for  stiffness  is  to  go  on  walking  the  next  day; 
gradually  the  stiffness  will  wear  off  entirely. 

Where  to  Walk.  Avoid  the  much-frequented  and  dust  road 
which  wearies  the  feet.  Seek  the  path  by  the  river;  walk  around  the 
lake;  learn  to  trail  through  the  woods.  Lucky  the  one  who  lives  near 
the  hills  and  mountains,  and  knows  the  exhilaration  of  climbing  to 
the  mountain  top. 

Suggestions  for  Climbing. 

1.  Always  keep  to  the  ridge;  vegetation  is  less  thick  there,  and  one 
can  see  both  sides. 

2.  Do  not  take  long  steps  when  climbing;  short  steps  are  less 
tiring. 


103 


Camping  and  Hiking 

3.  Keep  the  body  relaxed. 

4.  Do  not  run  down  hill;  this  is  often  the  cause  of  extreme  stiflFness. 

Sleeping  in  the  Open.  To  combine  nights  under  the  stars  with 
hiking  adds  to  the  richness  of  the  experience.  However,  it  is  impor- 
tant to  caution  girls  who  start  out  for  an  overnight  trip  to  select  a 
short  journey,  not  more  than  two  miles,  for  instance,  if  they  are  to 
carry  baggage.  However,  if  they  have  easy  walking,  they  may  select 
camping  grounds  as  far  as  ten  miles  away,  provided  they  are  all  good 
walkers. 

One  need  not  go  a long  distance  to  enjoy  an  overnight  camp. 
The  back  yard  at  home  will  do  quite  as  well.  However,  be  sure  to 
reach  your  camping  place  an  hour  before  dusk  so  that  you  will  have 
time  to  make  your  camp  and  get  your  supper  while  it  is  still  light. 

Beds  in  the  Woods,  i.  Ticking  or  sacking  bags  may  be  carried, 
if  desired,  and  filled  with  soft  wood  materials,  leaves,  grasses,  straw, 
etc. 

2.  An  Indian  bed  is  made  by  four  straight,  heavy  tree  limbs  formed 
in  a hollow  square.  Stake  in  the  limbs  at  the  four  corners,  so  as  to 
hold  this  “bed  frame”  in  place. 

Make  the  “springs”  out  of  the  bushy  ends  of  branches;  stick  the 
stem  ends  slantingly  into  the  ground,  putting  all  in  same  direction. 
Fill  in  the  square,  overlapping  the  branches  sufficiently  to  give  body 
and  spring  to  the  bed.  Dry  grasses,  leaves,  or  ferns  may  be  added — 
sweet  ferns  make  a fragrant  resting  place.  A bed  eighteen  inches 
high  should  be  very  comfortable.  This  bed  will  last  for  several  days 
if  kept  dry.  A poncho  should  be  spread  over  it  in  case  of  rain. 

Girls  can  make  an  outdoor  bed  so  well  that  no  rain  or  dew  will  dis- 
turb them.  The  girl  who  knows  how  is  repaid  by  a comfortable, 
refreshing  night. 

If  two  girls  sleep  together,  they  may  lay  a waterproof  blanket  or 
poncho  on  the  ground,  on  which  they  should  place  blankets,  blanket 
sheets,  and  on  top,  the  second  poncho.  The  edges  of  the  lower  poncho 
should  be  folded  up  over  the  blankets  and  pinned  firmly;  then  the 
top  poncho  placed  over  the  whole  and  pinned  securely.  The  ponchos 
may  be  laced  together  with  cords,  or  stones  may  be  placed  to  help 
hold  covers  in  place. 


104  Camp  Fire  Girls 

The  two  ponchos  should  extend  at  the  head  end  sufficiently  to  rest 
the  head  on  the  under  one,  and  so  the  upper  one  may  be  pulled  over 
head  in  case  of  rain.  If  the  girls  crawl  in  carefully  at  the  head,  they 
will  have  a warm,  rainproof  bed. 

It  is  really  more  comfortable  to  sleep  alone.  Make  the  bed  just  as 
carefully  as  in  the  case  above,  using  half  the  poncho  for  underneath 
and  folding  the  other  half  over  for  a top  cover. 

All  clothes  taken  off  should  be  folded  carefully  and  laid  within  the 
tent  or  inside  the  poncho  by  the  side  of  the  sleeper,  else  they  will  be 
damp  in  the  morning.  This  is  true  in  any  climate.  Air  the  blankets 
every  sunny  morning. 

Necessary  Equipment.  Poncho  or  waterproof  blanket  or  oil 
cloth,  66  X 90  inches;  two  pairs  light  woolen  blankets,  or  blanket 
sheets,  according  to  climate;  a number  of  large  blanket  safety  pins; 
heavy  cord;  simple  sleeping  garments;  toilet  articles — comb,  brush, 
towel,  washcloth,  soap,  tooth  brush,  etc. 

How  to  Carry  Blankets.  Place  the  poncho  or  waterproof 
blanket  on  the  floor  or  ground;  place  the  blankets  on  this,  allowing 
them  to  extend  about  six  inches  beyond  the  poncho,  along  the  long 
side  of  the  poncho.  Place  the  toilet  articles  along  this  blanket  length, 
and  roll  from  this  side,  folding  as  tightly  as  possible. 

Two  girls  should  roll,  starting  on  this  lengthwise  edge,  rolling  in 
tightly.  When  the  blanket  is  rolled  within  the  poncho  as  com- 
pactly as  possible,  tie  securely  fifteen  inches  from  each  end  and  in 
the  middle  (use  square  knots),  then  tie  the  two  rope  ends  together, 
leaving  the  ends  of  the  poncho  about  four  inches  apart.  This  forms 
a collar-shaped  burden,  which  may  be  thrown  over  the  shoulder,  the 
two  ends  resting  on  the  opposite  hip,  and  may  be  easily  shifted  from 
shoulder  to  shoulder.  To  rest  the  shoulders,  let  the  roll  slip  to  the 
hips,  the  ends  pointing  forward  and  downward,  the  roll  being  held 
by  the  two  arms  encircling  it. 

If  the  trip  is  to  be  made  by  boat,  a square  bundle  may  be  made. 
This  may  be  used  for  a cushion,  and  takes  up  less  room. 

The  way  to  get  most  out  of  even  a week’s  camp  is  to  have  a daily 
program. 


Camping  and  Hiking  105 

The  following  is  a suggestion: 

y.oo  Bugle — exercise  and  morning  dip. 

7.30  Breakfast. 

8.00  "Sing  and  daily  announcements. 

8.30  Tent  in  order. 

9.00  Craft  and  First  Aid  work. 

11.30  End  of  craft  work. 

12.00  Dinner. 

i.oc  Quiet  Hour. 

2.30  Swimming. 

4.00  Walks  and  preparation  of  outdoor  supper. 

8.30  Bugle. 

9.00  Lights  out. 

There  are  of  course  many  ways  of  changing  this  program.  Where 
the  climate  is  very  hot,  it  has  been  found  advisable  to  have  games 
and  folk  dancing  in  the  morning  and  craft  work  in  the  afternoon. 
Special  features  can  always  be  added  in  the  way  of  Council  Fires, 
original  entertainments,  out-of-door  cooking,  sleeping  out-of-doors, 
hiking. 

When  camping,  it  is  well  to  have  some  system  for  simplifying  the 
work.  A good  plan  for  washing  dishes  was  worked  out  at  one  camp. 
After  leach  meal,  the  girls  who  were  in  charge  of  the  kitchen  for  the 
day  set  out  two  pans  of  hot  water  for  washing  the  dishes  and  two  for 
rinsing,  and  dish  towels.  All  the  girls  formed  two  lines  with  their 
dishes  and  washed,  rinsed,  and  dried  them,  and  in  a very  few  minutes 
it  was  all  done.  The  pots,  etc.,  were  cared  for  by  the  cook. 

In  another  camp,  each  girl  kept  her  own  utensils  in  her  tent  and 
brought  them  to  the  table  and,  after  washing  them,  took  them  back 
to  her  tent.  In  this  way,  again,  the  labor  was  lessened. 

Great  interest  always  centers  around  the  tent  inspector  who  marks 
the  tents  each  day.  Very  often  a banner  or  special  award  is  given 
for  the  best  kept  tent.  It  is  well  to  encourage  this. 

Every  camp  might  work  out  a health  chart  suitable  for  that  camp. 
The  girl  who  has  the  greatest  number  of  checks  opposite  her  name  at 
the  end  of  a week  or  a month  wins  a local  honor,  emblem,  or  health 
banner. 


CHAPTER  X 


GUARDIANS:  THEIR  RELATIONS  TO  THE 
ORGANIZATION 

The  head  of  the  Camp  Fire,  who  must  be  over  eighteen  years  of 
age,  is  called  the  Guardian  of  the  Fire.  She  receives  her  appoint- 
ment and  authorization  as  Guardian  upon  vote  of  the  National  Board 
of  Directors.  The  person  applying  for  Guardianship  fills  out  an 
application  blank  and  sends  it  to  the  Camp  Fire  Girls.  One  week 
should  be  allowed  for  appointment  to  be  made. 

I.  Fees: 

(a)  New  Guardian  taking  New  Camp  Fire  pays  a fee  of  ^i.cxd 

and  receives  Certificate,  Charter  and  “Wohelo.” 

(b)  New  Guardian  taking  Old  Camp  Fire  pays  a fee  of  $.50  and 

receives  a Certificate.  (Must  take  at  least  six  members 
of  an  old  Camp  Fire  in  Good  Standing). 

(c)  New  Guardian  taking  part  of  Old  Camp  Fire  pays  a fee  of 

^i.oo  and  receives  Certificate,  Charter  and  “Wohelo.” 
(Must  take  at  least  six  members  of  an  old  Camp  Fire  in 
Good  Standing). 

(d)  Old  Guardian  taking  Camp  Fire  pays  a fee  of  $1.00  and 

receives  a Charter  and  “Wohelo.’’  Application  blank  must 
be  filled  out  completely  with  the  exception  of  signatures 
of  sponsors.  When  sending  application,  kindly  state 
what  has  become  of  former  Camp  Fire, 

(e)  Old  Guardian  taking  Old  Camp  Fire  pays  a fee  of  $.50 

(Transfer  Fee).  Application  must  be  filled  out  completely 
with  the  exception  of  signatures  of  sponsors.  She  must 
take  at  least  six  members  of  an  old  Camp  Fire  in  good 
standing.  This  transfer  fee  of  $.50  is  charged  to  cover 
the  work  involved  in  transferring  records,  cross-referenc- 
ing correspondence,  etc.. 

(f)  Old  Guardian  taking  part  of  an  Old  Camp  Fire  pays  a fee 

of  $1.00  and  receives  a Charter  and  “Wohelo.”  She  must 
106 


Guardians 


107 


take  at  least  six  members  of  a Camp  Fire  in  good  standing. 
All  Camp  Fires  in  Good  Standing  receive  ‘Wohelo/* 

(g)  Reorganization — a new  Guardian  reorganizing  an  old  Camp 
Fire  pays  a reorganization  fee  of  ^i.oo  which  entitles  the 
Guardian  to  her  Certificate  and  the  Camp  Fire  to  “Wo- 
helo/*  An  Old  Guardian  reorganizing  an  Old  Camp  Fire 
pays  a reorganization  fee  of  $.50  which  entitles  the  Camp 
Fire  to  ‘‘Wohelo.”  When  a Camp  Fire  is  reorganized,  the 
dues  are  payable  from  the  date  of  official  reorganization. 

2.  Dues.  Dues  ot  a Camp  Fire  are  payable  annually  and  are 
reckoned  from  the  date  of  official  organization.  They  are  payable 
for  the  entire  group  and  not  for  the  individual  girl.  (See  Rings  No.  5.) 
The  minimum  annual  dues  for  a Camp  Fire  are  ^5.00.  If  there  are 
more  than  ten  members  in  the  Camp  Fire,  $.50  must  be  added  for 
each  additional  member.  Camp  Fires  organized  prior  to  and  during 
June,  1913,  pay  dues  in  December  of  each  year. 

All  Camp  Fires  whose  annual  dues  are  six  months  past  due  are  not 
considered  in  Good  Standing., 

Dues  are  payable  for  all  girls  working  for  honors  at  the  time  of 
payment.  Each  girl  wishing  to  join  a Camp  Fire  after  the  current 
year’s  dues  have  been  paid  will  have  to  pay  ^.50  for  the  remainder  of 
the  current  year  if  she  wishes  to  be  considered  an  active  member  of 
the  Camp  Fire  and  receive  a ring.  If  she  does  not  wish  to  do  this, 
she  may  meet  with  the  Camp  Fire  but  not  work  for  honors  until  the 
following  date  of  payment,  at  which  time  she  pays  dues  with  the  rest 
of  the  Camp  Fire  and  her  name  is  then  sent  to  Headquarters  to  be 
registered.  This,  of  course,  does  not  apply  to  Camp  Fires  with  a 
membership  of  less  than  ten,  as  five  dollars  covers  dues  of  ten  members 
for  the  current  year.  When  new  members  come  into  the  Camp  Fire, 
or  members  withdraw,  the  National  Office  should  be  notified  so  that 
the  records  of  each  Camp  Fire  may  be  complete  and  up-to-date. 

A Guardian  does  not  pay  dues. 

3.  Communications  from  Guardians.  In  order  to  keep  a com- 
plete, clear  record  of  each  Camp  Fire,  it  is  necessary  to  have  date  and 
complete  address  appear  on  all  communications.  These  communica- 


io8  Camp  Fire  Girls 

tions  should  come  directly  from  the  Guardian  as  the  record  is  kept 
under  her  name.  The  handling  of  correspondence  will  be  greatly 
facilitated  if  the  Guardian  will  address  her  letters  directly  to  the 
Department  which  will  answer  her  questions.  If  information  is 
wanted  from  more  than  one  department,  write  each  question  on  a 
separate  sheet  giving  name  and  address  on  each  sheet,  in  order  to 
avoid  unnecessary  delay.  Separate  envelopes,  however,  are  not 
necessary.  All  correspondence  with  National  Headquarters  should 
bear  Guardian’s  name  and  address  in  full.  The  departments  are: 

National  Honor  Department — takes  care  of  material  submitted  for 
National  Honors. 

Record  Department — attends  to  all  matters  involving  dues,  rings, 
standing  of  Guardians,  transfers,  changes  in  membership,  changes  of 
address,  annual  reports,  subscriptions  to  “Wohelo.” 

Correspondence  Department — receives  all  communications  regard- 
ing applications,  honors,  ceremonies,  earning  money,  requests  for 
literature,  and  all  general  inquiries. 

Guardians  should  allow  sufficient  time  for  letters  to  pass  through 
our  various  departments,  as  very  often  letters  first  go  to  the  Book- 
keeping Department,  next  to  the  Record  Department,  next  to  the 
Correspondence  Department,  and  next,  if  necessary,  to  our  Committee 
on  National  Honors  and  Editor  of  “Wohelo.”  Sometimes  letters  cross 
in  the  office.  Fdr  instance,  a Guardian  may  be  notified  that  her  dues 
are  not  paid,  and  simultaneously,  her  dues  are  on  the  way  to  the 
Record  Department. 

Changes  of  Address.  When  an  address  other  than  that  on  records 
is  given,  state  whether  temporary  or  permanent. 

4.  Supplies.  Rings,  supplies,  etc.,  can  be  sent  only  to  Guardians 
in  Good  Standing.  Address  all  orders  for  rings  to  Camp  Fire  Girls. 
Orders  for  other  supplies  should  be  addressed  directly  to  the  Camp 
Fire  Outfitting  Company.  It  is  well  to  allow  one  week  for  the  filling 
of  orders  for  rings  as  the  work  entailed  will  require  about  this  time. 

5.  Rings.  When  a girl  has  met  the  requirements  for  the  rank  of 
Wood  Gatherer,  fill  out  the  ring  blank  and  send  it  to  us.  A Guardian 
may  apply  for  her  ring  immediately  upon  receipt  of  her  authorization^ 


Guardians 


109 

but  full  dues  for  the  entire  Camp  Fire  must  be  paid  for  the  current 
year  before  rings  can  be  sent  to  members.  Dues  are  reckoned  for  the 
entire  Camp  Fire  and  not  for  the  individual  girl;  therefore,  dues  are 
payable  for  all  members  working  for  honors  at  the  time  of  payment 
whether  they  have  attained  the  rank  of  Wood  Gatherer  or  not.  If 
the  dues  of  a Camp  Fire  have  been  paid  for  ten  members  to  December, 
1917,  the  Guardian  may  continue  to  procure  rings  to  December,  1917, 
without  additional  dues  regardless  of  changes  in  membership,  provid- 
ing there  are  only  ten  active  members  at  one  time.  As  soon  as  the 
membership  exceeds  ten,  additional  dues  will  be  required. 

Exchange  of  Rings.  If  for  any  reason  rings  are  returned  to  us  for 
exchange,  we  request  that  the  Guardian  send  with  them  a slip  of  paper 
bearing  her  name  and  address  and  the  ring  sizes  desired. 

Lost  Rings.  If  a girl  loses  her  ring,  we  will  replace  it  upon  receipt 
of  fifty  cents  together  with  the  girPs  name,  size  of  ring  desired,  and 
name  of  Guardian. 

6.  Reports.  Once  a year  a report  blank  is  sent  to  each  Guardian 
in  Good  Standing.  As  reappointment  is  based  on  the  information 
given  in  this  report,  it  is  necessary  that  it  be  returned  to  National 
Headquarters  as  soon  as  possible. 

7.  Notice  to  Guardians  Who  Wish  to  Have  Two  Active  Camp 
Fires.  At  a meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  November  15,  1916, 
the  following  resolution  was  passed: 

Resolved:  That  any  Guardian  may  be  allowed  to  have  two  Camp 
Fires  provided  she  is  in  good  standing  and  that  she  secures  an  assis- 
tant. 

(a)  If  a second  Camp  Fire  is  an  old  Camp  Fire  in  Good  Standing, 
the  fee  is  fifty  cents.  (Transfer  Fee.) 

(b)  If  the  second  Camp  Fire  is  composed  entirely  of  new  members, 
the  fee  is  one  dollar.  This  entitles  the  Camp  Fire  to  a Charter  and 
“Wohelo.” 

(c)  If  the  second  Camp  Fire  is  composed  of  part  of  an  old  Camp 
Fire  (six  or  more  members  of  a Camp  Fire  in  Good  Standing)  the  fee 
is  one  dollar.  This  entitles  the  Camp  Fire  to  a Charter  and^“Wohelo.*’ 

(i)  Before  a second  Camp  Fire  is  recorded  at  Headquarters,  it  is 
necessary  for  the  Guardian  to  fill  out  a regular  application  blank  giv- 


no 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

ing  name  of  Camp  Fire,  whether  new,  old,  or  part  of  old  Camp  Fire; 
if  old  or  part  of  old  Camp  Fire,  name  of  former  Guardian,  list  of 
members  in  the  Camp  Fire  and  their  ages. 

(2)  The  Guardian  must  attend  to  correspondence,  sign  ring  cards, 
orders  for  beads,  insignia,  etc.,  for  both  Camp  Fires,  mentioning  the 
Camp  Fire  name  in  all  transactions  in  order  to  avoid  complications. 

(3)  Both  Camp  Fires  under  one  Guardian  must  be  kept  in  good 
standing.  If  one  Camp  Fire  falls  in  arrears,  it  will  be  taken  to  indi- 
cate too  much  responsibility  for  the  Guardian,  and  both  Camp  Fires 
will  be  dropped  until  a readjustment  can  be  made,  by  the  Guardian 
either  continuing  with  only  one  Camp  Fire  or  by  paying  dues  for  the 
Camp  Fire  in  arrears,  bringing  both  into  good  standing. 

(4)  The  dues  of  the  second  Camp  Fire  are  reckoned  from  the  date 
of  official  organization  of  that  Camp  Fire.  (See  Dues.) 

(5)  No  Guardian  may  have  more  than  two  Camp  Fires. 

(6)  Guardian  must  advise  us  that  she  has  a capable  assistant. 

The  Assistant  has  no  official  standing  and  is  not  recorded  at  Head- 
quarters. She  need  not  be  a Camp  Fire  Girl.  She  does  not  wear  the 
Guardian’s  pin.  She  does  not  pay  dues.  If,  however,  she  wishes  to 
wear  the  ring  and  other  insignia  she  must  be  recorded  as  a regular 
member  of  the  Camp  Fire  and  win  them  by  working  for  honors,  in 
which  case  she  pays  dues  with  the  Camp  Fire. 

The  Guardian  shall  decide  as  to  how  much  authority  the  Assistant 
may  have  in  conducting  Council  Meetings. 

8.  Girls  Who  Are  Transferred.  A girl  who  is  transferred  from 
one  Camp  Fire  to  another  will  receive  full  credit  from  both  the  new 
Guardian  and  National  Headquarters  for  all  the  attainments  which 
are  properly  recorded.  This  transfer  blank  is  filled  out  by  the  former 
Guardian  for  the  new  Guardian  and  should  not  be  sent  to  Headquar- 
ters. It  is  a record  for  the  new  Guardian.  When  a girl  is  transferred 
from  one  Camp  Fire  to  another,  the  new  Guardian  should  send  girl’s 
name  and  name  of  former  Guardian  to  Headquarters  so  that  records 
may  be  adjusted. 

Because  of  the  difficulty  in  giving  a definite  rule  in  regard  to  dues  of 
transferred  members,  each  case  must  be  taken  up  individually  by 
Headquarters.  ^ 


Community  bungalow  built  by  the  Camp  Fire  Girls 
of  Pawling,  New  York 


The  interior  of  the  above  bungalow 


A community  fireplace  built  by  the  Camp  Fire  Girls 
of  Burlington,  Iowa 


A practical  outdoor  fireplace 


Guardians 


III 


9.  Absent  Members.  Many  Camp  Fire  Girls  go  to  college  or 
school  but  wish  to  continue  as  Camp  Fire  Girls.  If  they  continue 
to  work  for  honors  as  members  of  their  home  Camp  Fire,  they  pay 
dues  with  that  Camp  Fire.  If  they  join  a college  or  school  Camp 
Fire,  they  are  transferred  and  pay  dues  in  their  new  Camp  Fire. 

10.  Members  in  Spirit.  Camp  Fire  Girls  who  go  away  to'school 
or  to  college  or  for  any  good  reason  are  unable  to  meet  regularly  with 
their  Camp  Fire  and  work  for  honors,  may  be  elected  “Members  in 
Spirit.**  They  do  not  count  in  the  twenty  that  each  Guardian  is 
allowed  to  have.  Such  membership  involves  no  dues.  National 
Headquarters  should  be  notified  when  such  changes  are  made.  Mem- 
bers in  Spirit  and  absent  members  may  retain  an  intimate  connection 
with  Camp  Fire  by  subscribing  to  “Wohelo.** 

11.  Honorary  Members.  A Camp  Fire  may  elect  as  an  honorary 
member  any  one  whom  it  wishes,  whether  she  be  a former  member  or 
not  and  such  membership  need  not  be  restricted  to  women  and  girls 
but  may  include  the  fathers  of  the  girls,  their  rector,  or  any  one  else 
whom  they  may  wish  to  honor  in  this  way.  This  being  entirely  a 
local  matter.  National  Headquarters  does  not  record  these  members. 
They  do  not  pay  dues  nor  wear  insignia. 

12.  Old  Plan  Camp  Fires.  The  following  was  approved  by  the 
Board  of  Directors  at  their  meeting  April  26,  1916:  Resolved:  That 
we  recommend  to  the  Board  of  Directors  that  two  months  after 
notification  by  National  Headquarters  no  new  members  shall  be  ac- 
cepted by  the  National  Board  as  members  of  Camp  Fires  on  the  old 
or  non-paying  plan.  The  Committee  recommends  that  earnest  effort 
be  made  by  the  officers  to  induce  as  many  as  possible  of  the  non-paying 
Camp  Fires  to  come  in  on  the  same  basis  as  all  other  Camp  Fires. 

Official  announcement  of  the  above  resolution  was  made  in  the 
May,  1916,  “Wohelo.** 

13.  Temporary  Guardians.  When  a Guardian  finds  it  necessary 
to  be  away  from  her  Camp  Fire  and  knows  some  one  who  is  willing  to 
take  her  place,  it  is  advisable  for  her  to  resign  and  have  the  substitute 
make  formal  application  for  Guardianship.  (Fee,  $.$o — receives  a 


II2 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

Certificate.)  This  will  enable  the  girls  to  continue  to  hold  ceremonial 
meetings  and  receive  beads  for  honors  won.  Upon  her  return,  the 
original  Guardian  may  resume  the  work  and  notify  National  Head- 
quarters to  reinstate  her.  The  substitute  Guardian  is  automatically 
dropped. 

It  is  permissible  for  the  substitute  to  supervise  the  work  of  the  girls 
in  the  Guardian’s  absence  without  becoming  an  authorized  Guardian? 
but  she  has  no  authority  to  hold  Ceremonial  Meetings,  award  honors* 
sign  ring  cards,  etc.  She  merely  holds  the  girls  together.  No  Guard- 
ian has  authority  to  sign  ring  blanks  for  any  but  her  own  Camp  Fire. 

14.  Resignation  of  Guardians.  As  our  record  is  made  out  in 
the  name  of  the  Guardian,  it  is  important  for  any  Guardian  who  resigns 
to  secure  a successor  for  her  Camp  Fire  and  to  notify  the  National 
Office  at  once  of  her  own  resignation  and  the  name  of  the  new  Guard- 
ian. 

15.  Reinstatement  of  Guardians.  In  order  to  be  reinstated, 
a Guardian  should  notify  National  Headquarters  when  she  resumes 
Camp  Fire  Work. 

16.  Summer  Camp  Fires.  A Guardian  wishing  to  organize  a • 
Summer  Camp  Fire  must  be  appointed  in  the  regular  way  with  at  least 
six  new  members.  (See  ‘‘Fees,”  and  “Guardians  wishing  to  take  a 
Second  Camp  Fire.”) 

I Council  Fires  should  be  held  weekly. 

If  a girl  is  living  in  a Summer  Camp  giving  her  entire  time  to  Camp 
Fire  work,  she  may  become  a Wood  Gatherer  in  two  vreeks  and  a Fire 
Maker  one  month  after  she  becomes  a Wood  Gatherer,  provided  she 
fulfills  all  other  requirements. 

Dues  are  payable  on  the  date  of  official  organization  (see  “Dues”). 
Rings  are  only  granted  after  the  membership  has  been  completed  by 
the  payment  of  dues  and  all  other  requirements  met.  (See  “ Rings.  ”) 
During  the  winter,  the  Summer  Camp  Fire  disbands. 

Summer  Camp  Fires  or  Guardians  wishing  to  continue  the  work 
throughout  the  year  may  do  so  by  following  the  regular  program  as 
outlined  in  the  Manual. 

In  addition  to  her  regular  Camp  Fire,  a Guardian  may  have  any 


Guardians 


113 

number  of  girls  who  are  members  of  other  Camp  Fires.  They  are 
‘‘Guests”  and  are  not  recorded  as  members  of  the  Summer  Camp 
Fire.  They  may  win  honors  and  be  awarded  beads  but  pay  dues  and 
apply  for  rings  in  their  home  Camp  Fire.  The  Guardian  of  the  Sum- 
mer Camp  Fire  signs  Iionor  blanks  for  the  Guests  to  take  back  to  their 
respective  Guardians.  Authorized  Guardians  working  for  honors 
in  a Summer  Camp  may  be  awarded  beads  and  have  rank  conferred. 
They  are  enrolled  and  pay  dues  as  regular  members  of  the  Summer 
Camp  Fire. 

Guardians’  Associations 

When  a number  of  Camp  Fires  have  been  started  in  any  locality, 
the  Guardians  will  find  it  advantageous  to  meet  together  for  mutual 
help. 

Upon  receipt  of  the  signatures  of  three  Guardians,  two  representing 
different  organizations  (school,  church,  etc.)  and  one  independent, 
that  is  not  connected  with  any  organization,  a list  of  the  Guardians 
of  that  locality  will  be  sent  from  the  National  Office.  This  Committee 
should  make  preparations  for  and  call  the  first  meeting.  In  order  to 
be  officially  connected  with  the  National  Office,  it  is  necessary: 

1.  To  send  in  the  names  of  the  Chairman,  Secretary,  and  Treas- 
urer. 

2.  All  officers  must  be  Guardians  in  good  standing. 

3.  Officers  are  required  to  belong  to  at  least  two  different  organiza- 
tions e.  g.,  church,  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  school,  or  to  be  independent. 

4.  Territory  covered  by  the  Association*  e.  g.,  suburbs  or  towns 
included. 

5.  Members  of  Associations  must  only  be  Guardians  in  good 
standing. 

Because  all  lists  are  used  to  great  extent  by  mail  order  houses  for 
commercial  purposes,  it  is  our  policy  to  protect  the  members  of  Camp 
Fire  from  receiving  promiscuous  advertisin.g  matter,  by  refusing  to 
give  out  our  mailing  lists. 

Purpose.  The  purpose  of  the  Guardians’  Association  Is:  (i)  for 
the  Guardians  to  become  personally  acquainted  with  each  other;  (2)  to 
help  new  Guardians  and  prospective  Guardians;  (3)  to  exchange 


1 14  Camp  Fire  Girls 

ideas;  (4)  to  secure  action  in  matters  of  general  interest,  e.  g.,  Grand 
Councils,  Summer  Camps,  etc.,  (5)  to  receive  outside  efficient  help; 

(6)  to  keep  well  informed  as  to  what  the  Camp  Fires  do  as  a whole; 

(7)  to  increase  the  strength  of  Camp  Fire  and  to  be  recognized  by  the 
community;  (8)  to  keep  the  Guardians  in  close  touch  with  Head- 
quarters and  their  own  locality. 

Every  week  a list  of  new  and  resigned  Guardians  is  sent  to  each 
Chairman.  Special  material  is  sent  when  possible  to  Associations. 

Organization.  The  membership  is  comprised  of  all  the  Guardians 
within  commuting  distance  of  a certain  point.  The  greatest  latitude 
in  form  of  local  management  is  encouraged.  A Chairman  is  neces- 
sary, who  is  responsible  to  Nahequa.  The  following  officers  and 
committees  are  suggested:  Executive  Committee,  Chairman,  Vice- 
Chairman,  Treasurer,  Recording  Secretary,  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Press,  Social,  New  Ideas,  Work,  Finance,  Camp,  and  Music  Com- 
mittees. 

Meetings  and  Suggestions.  Hold  meetings  once  a month;  have 
fixed  date,  place,  and  time  of  meeting;  make  the  Association  as  much 
like  a Camp  Fire  as  possible ;have  a name  and  symbol;  hold  indoor  and 
outdoor  ceremonial  meetings  for  Guardians  and  award  honors;  sing 
together  Camp  Fire  songs;  have  something  that  the  Guardians  can 
learn  to  do  at  each  meeting,  something  that  they  will  enjoy  taking 
back  to  their  girls  such  as  (a)  Ceremonial  Council,  How  to  Conduct 
one,  initiations,  awarding  honor  beads,  etc.  (b)  First  Aid  Demon- 
stration. (c)  Decoration  of  gown,  (d)  Stencilling  and  woodblock- 
ing. (Get  outside  help  for  these  things  whenever  possible.)  Have 
association  dues  for  running  expenses,  or  Grand  Council  entrance 
money  might  help  this;  many  Associations  use  their  own  letter  heads 
which  facilitates  correspondence  both  locally  and  with  Headquarters. 

In  order  to  give  people  the  right  idea  of  Camp  Fire,  it  is  very  impor- 
tant to  have  a regular  system  of  publicity  in  order  to  get  the  coopera- 
tion of  the  newspapers.  The  following  ideas  were  presented  by  a 
publicity  expert  to  help  Guardians: 

I.  A notice  of  every  meeting  of  any  sort,  of  plays,  or  plans  to  make 
money,  of  honors  awarded,  should  be  telephoned  or  mailed  to  the 


Guardians  115 

local  papers.  You  will  find  that  they  will  soon  be  coming  to  you  and 
telephoning  to  you  for  news. 

2.  Use  names  when  you  send  your  news  into  the  papers.  The 
papers  like  to  publish  them.  It  helps  their  circulation. 

3.  Make  items  short.  Print  paper  is  scarce.  The  editors  will 
appreciate  not  having  to  cut  down  the  items  sent  in  to  them. 

4.  Get  the  reporters  to  attend  gatherings  for  themselves  and  write 
their  own  items  as  frequently  as  possible. 

5.  When  any  plan  for  a summer  camp  or  for  raising  funds  by  any 
novel  method  or  for  adopting  a baby  or  for  Red  Cross  work  or  First 
Aid  work  or  any  form  of  war  relief  is  definitely  adopted,  send  the 
news  to  the  papers  before  starting.  The  resulting  publicity  will  help 
the  enterprise. 

6.  When  your  meeting  place  is  in  a church  or  connected  with  a 
church,  get  your  local  clergyman  to  lend  the  weight  of  his  authority 
to  induce  the  papers  to  print  the  news  of  the  movement. 

7.  Copies  of  poems,  songs,  or  essays  written  by  the  members  of 
your  Camp  Fire  should  be  sent  to  the  papers. 

On  Being  a Guardian 

“The  paradox  of  life  is  that  we  keep  that  part  of  it  which  we  give 
to  others  and  that  we  lose  that  which  we  save  for  ourselves.  The 
breath  of  the  Spirit  is  like  the  breeze — grasp  it  to  hold  and  there  is 
nothing.  It  is  like  the  heart  which  grows  by  giving  love.  Without 
love,  save  it,  and  the  heart  is  empty.’*  This  was  the  1917  message 
from  Dr.  Gulick  to  Guardians.  It  expresses  concisely  the  success  of 
a Guardian. 

When  one  is  a Guardian,  it  is  necessary  to  be  one  with  the  girls  and 
be  interested  in  their  thoughts  and  activities.  Ask  for  their  advice 
and  secure  their  viewpoints  and  allow  them  to  feel  their  share  in  the 
building  up  of  the  Camp  Fire.  Personal  attention  or  individual  help 
goes  a long  way  toward  securing  confidence  and  establishing  a beauti- 
ful, life-long  relationship  between  a Guardian  and  Camp  Fire  girl. 
Be  interested  in  her  school  work,  her  brothers,  sisters  and  friends. 
So  many  times  a girl  makes  the  remark  that,  when  she  grows  up,  she 
wants  to  be  like  her  Guardian.  For  a Guardian  to  feel  this  responsi- 
bility means  consideration  of  her  personal  appearance,  her  posture, 


ii6 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

her  walk,  her  dress,  her  habits,  her  talk  and  voice,  the  language  she 
uses,  her  relationship  with  other  people,  and  her  disposition.  A 
Guardian  taking  up  Camp  Fire  work  after  leaving  college  said:  ‘‘I 
know  of  nothing  else  that  has  been  so  beneficial  and  helpful  to  me  in 
securing  a practical  education  and  in  equipping  myself  for  work  with 
young  girls  as  the  training  which  Camp  Fire  affords/'  Many  mothers 
who  are  Guardians  have  expressed  a renewed  companionship  existing 
between  mother  and  daughter.  All  feel  the  great  privilege  of  helping 
the  adolescent  girl. 

Each  Guardian  with  her  Camp  Fire  is  only  a small  part  but  a most 
essential  part  of  a large  army  of  vigorous  girls,  and  to  be  a part  of  an 
efficient  whole  means  a keen  interest  and  broad  view  of  the  Camp 
Fire  movement.  Camp  Fire  fosters  the  “mother  spirit." 

“There  is  a great  deal  of  pent-up  motherhood  in  the  world,  mother- 
hood that  has  been  denied  its  natural  expression,  or  that  is  large 
enough  to  reach  out  to  more  than  its  own  small  brood,  if  the  chance 
were  given.  Girls  that  have  lost  their  mothers,  girls  that  never  had 
any  in  the  real  sense,  girls  whose  mothers  are  too  burdened  to  give 
them  all  the  mothering  they  need — we  have  them  always  with  us. 
Th«  Camp  Fire  brings  the  mother  love  and  hungry  heart  together. 
It  was  the  conception  of  a mother  who  was  striving  to  give  her  own 
daughters  the  right  preparation  for  womanhood.  Camp  Fire  is  the 
expression  of  the  Mother  Spirit  brooding  over  society  and  the  world.” 


CHAPTER  XI 

FINANCES 


Self-Support.  Girls  are  urged  not  to  secure  the  money  which  they 
use  for  Camp  Fire  purposes  from  their  parents,  but  in  all  cases  to  earn 
it  themselves.  We  believe  that  this  degree  of  economic  independence 
bears  a profound  relation  to  strength  of  character.  We  know  of  no 
way  by  which  people  can  learn  the  value,  place,  and  limitations  of 
money  so  well  as  they  can  by  earning  it,  keeping  account  of  it,  and 
spending  it  wisely.  We  think  that  no  woman  is  prepared  for  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  life,  whether  these  responsibilities  are  to  be  primarily 
inside  or  outside  the  home,  who  has  not  earned,  saved,  kept-  account 
of,  and  spent  money.  We  believe  that,  in  the  main,  we  all  appreciate 
what  we  pay  for  as  we  do  not  what  we  receive  freely.  We  believe 
that  these  are  truths  rib  less  when  applied  to  organizations  such  as 
ours  than  when  applied  to  individuals. 

The  “self-support’’  idea  was  adopted  only  after  a careful  considera- 
tion of  many  social  and  economic  conditions  which  were  closely  related 
to  those  factors  which  must  enter  into  such  a movement. 

We  know  of  no  cases  where  the  girls  themselves  have  felt  that  “a 
cent  a week”  was  more  than  they  could  or  should  pay.  There  has 
been  objection  from  adults  who  believe  that  such  a movement  should 
be  a philanthropy,  supported  by  the  generous  well-to-do  for  those  who 
are  less  fortunate  in  this  world’s  goods.  When,  in  March,  1915,  we 
changed  over  from  being  a philanthropy  to  a self-supporting  institu- 
tion, we  began  to  grow  more  rapidly  than  we  had  been  growing  up  to 
that  time. 

Just  as  the  organization  has  definitely  worked  toward  a self-sup- 
porting end,  so  each  Camp  Fire  works  out  for  itself  a program  of  self- 
support.  It  is  usually  unwise  for  the  parents  or  Guardian  to  advance 
money  to  the  girls.  The  habit  of  “pay  as  you  go”  is  an  important 
one.  It  is  often  difficult  for  girls  to  earn  money  individually;  there- 
fore, Camp  Fire  strongly  urges  the  earning  of  money  as  a group.  This 
not  only  develops  splendid  team  spirit,  but  also  a strong  love  of  in- 
dependence and  self-support.  We  can  easily  imagine  that  girls  who 

117 


ii8 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

go  on  a camping  trip  on  money  which  they  have  earned — and  perhaps 
earned  through  a great  deal  of  effort — have  a greater  appreciation  of 
the  trip  than  girls  who  take  a trip  on  money  borrowed  or  given  them 
by  parents  or  friends. 

It  is  recommended  that  each  Camp  Fire  have  its  treasury,  from 
which  all  expenses  are  to  be  paid.  The  girls  earn  the  money  as  a 
Camp  Fire,  and  they  spend  it  as  a Camp  Fire.  Some  girls  feel  that, 
having  earned  an  honor,  they  should  be  given  the  bead  or  badge  which 
represents  the  honor,  without  any  expense  to  themselves.  It  is 
important  to  learn  early  that  one  cannot  get  something  for  nothing. 
A student  earns  his  college  degree,  but  must  pay  for  the  diploma  and 
academic  gown.  Practically  all  societies  pay  for  their  pin  and 
insignia. 

The  question  which  quite  naturally  first  presents  itself  to  any 
group  of  girls  is:  How  shall  we  earn  money?  Let  us  consider  first 
what  is  me^nt  by  economic  exchange.  We  can  only  expect  money 
returns  for  that  which  is  of  proportionate  value.  People  will  purchase 
only  when  they  are  in  need  of  the  articles  we  have  to  sell.  They 
should  not  be  persuaded  to  buy  that  which  they  do  not  want  or  that 
which  is  not  worth  the  price  asked,  merely  because  of  the  personal 
charm  of  the  seller. 

Some  of  the  ways  by  which  Camp  Fire  girls  have  earned  money  for 
dues,  etc.,  are:  by  making  jelly,  sandwiches,  sofa  pillow  covers,  putting 
emblems  on  towels  and  table  linens,  and  by  giving  plays  and  enter- 
tainments. This  earning  and  saving  of  money  seems  to  arouse  more 
enthusiasm  than  almost  any  other  kind  of  activity.  It  serves  to 
teach  girls  how  to  earn,  spend,  and  keep  account  of  money.  It 
brings  about  a sense  of  power  and  independence  that  is  hard  to  get  in 
any  other  way.  There  are  few  things  that  a Guardian  can  do  that 
will  help  her  girls  as  much  as  to  get  this  idea  of  self-support  into  their 
minds  and  then  to  help  them  to  practise  methods  of  getting  the  money, 
spending  it  wisely,  and  keeping  accounts.  The  world  is  demanding 
more  and  more  that  women  shall  know  about  money,  how  to  earn  it, 
how  to  keep  it,  and  how  to  spend  it  wisely. 

It  is  thus  partly  in  order  to  help  meet  this  tremendous  educational 
need  that  the  Camp  Fires  are  to  earn  money  and  pay  dues  to  support 
their  own  work.  The  first  opportunity  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls  is  to 


Finances  119 

support  their  own  work  and  then  to  help  every  good  work  that  they 
can. 

Why  Pay  Dues.  Camp  Fire  Girls  pay  dues  of  approximately 
one  cent  a week.  These  dues  and  charter  fees,  amounting  in  round 
numbers  to  ^38,000  last  year,  were  the  chief  support  of  the  National 
organization.  Five  per  cent,  of  the  sales  of  the  Camp  Fire  Outfitting 
Company,  amounting  to  ^6,ooo,  furnished  the  major  part  of  the  re- 
mainder. Sales  of  Manuals  and  other  publications,  and  subscriptions 
to  ‘ Wohelo,’*  furnished  the  balance  of  our  income,  which  amounted 
in  all  last  year  to  ^48,8 19. 

The  major  expenditures  were  salaries,  $27,340,  being  the  compensa- 
tion of  35  to  40  employees,  from  the  president  through  correspondence 
secretaries  and  record  experts  to  messengers.  Bear  in  mind  in  con- 
sidering this  and  other  expenditures  that  we  are  handling  correspon- 
dence with  6,800  Guardians  representing  95,000  girls  (an  average  of 
200  letters  a day),  and  that  figuring  salaries,  rental,  postage,  paper, 
and  overhead  expenses,  it  costs  about  10  cents  to  answer  a letter. 
We  spent  $2,207  on  postage.  Rental  costs  us  $3,000.  That  is  cheap 
for  the  space  which  we  occupy,  an  entire  floor  of  a large  building  in  a 
New  York  City  business  block.  “Wohelo**  cost  us  last  year  to  print,  for 
paper,  etc.,  $2,265.  This  year,  with  all  paper  prices  doubled,  plus 
the  increased  cost  of  labor,  it  will  cost  double  that  sum.  Manuals 
cost  $2,200.  Other  expenses,  including  telephone,  office  partitions, 
furniture,  and  general  field  work,  made  up  the  remainder  of  the 
expenses.  We  are  improving  our  systems  all  the  time,  and  are  using 
the  utmost  care  in  all  expenditures,  as  the  national  board  of  directors 
are  trustees  to  the  great  Camp  Fire  Girls  Organization  and  are 
responsible  for  its  careful  management. 

Why,  then,  should  your  Camp  Fire  pay  the  dues?  For  the  same 
reason  that  when  you  get  on  a trolley  you  pay  your  nickel. 

The  money  you  pay  in  dues  goes  to  pay  for  conducting  the  work. 
Nobody  gets  any  profit  out  of  your  dues.  The  organization  is  so 
incorporated  that  its  accounts  must  be  examined,  sworn  to,  and 
published  every  year.  We  must  tell  just  how  every  cent  was  secured 
and  just  how  it  was  spent.  Not  one  cent  goes  into  the  pockets  of  any- 
body as  profits.  What  you  pay  can  only  be  used  to  support  the  work. 


120 


Camp  Fire  Girls 

There  are  no  wealthy  people  supporting  this  work.  It  is  supported 
by  the  girls  themselves.  When  a Camp  Fire  joins,  and  does  not  pay 
dues,  its  members  are  taking  what  other  girls  have  to  pay  for — our 
rent,  printer’s  bills,  postage,  stationery,  typewriting,  stenographic 
and  other  service.  The  last  complete  accounting  is  to  be  found  in 
the  August  “Wohelo”  of  each  year. 

There  is  no  more  reason  why  you  should  join  the  Camp  Fire  than 
that  you  should  join  any  other  organization  or  buy  any  article.  But 
you  surely  do  not  want  to  belong  to  those  who  take  knowingly  what 
they  do  not  pay  for.  If  a thing  is  not  worth  what  it  costs,  don’t  buy 
it. 

No  one  considers  the  “Movies”  undemocratic  because  it  costs  a 
dime  to  see  them.  The  National  Camp  Fire  exists  to  help  those 
organize  and  conduct  Camp  Fire  work  who  care  “One  cent  a week” 
for  it.  To  this  extent,  we  are  competing  with  chewing  gum,  candy, 
movies,  and  dance  halls. 

You  are  a member  of  some  other  organization  and  hence  do  not 
jhink  you  ought  to  pay  Camp  Fire  dues!  What  has  that  to  do  with 
it.?  If  you  want  chewing  gum,  put  in  your  penny.  Ifyou  want  Camp 
Fire,  put  in  your  penny  and  your  heart. 

The  Camp  Fire  Outfitting  Company.  The  Camp  Fire  Outfitting 
Company  was  organized,  incorporated,  and  is  conducted  as  a purely 
commercial  concern.  Under  the  form  of  its  incorporation,  it  is 
authorized  to  conduct  a general  merchandise  business  with  members 
of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls  Organization  and  with  the  public  in  general. 
It  has  the  exclusive  rights  to  sell  articles  officially  approved  by  the 
Camp  Fire  Girls  Organization. 

In  exchange  for  these  exclusive  sale  rights  and  assuming  that  being 
known  as  the  Camp  Fire  Girls  official  outfitter  will  prove  of  ad- 
vertising value  in  respect  to  the  sale  of  general  merchandise,  the 
Camp  Fire  Outfitting  Company  pays  to  the  Organization  5 per  cent, 
on  its  sales. 

In  addition  and  as  a part  of  its  contract,  the  Camp  Fire  Outfitting 
Company  furnishes  to  National  Headquarters  the  Wood  Gatherer’s 
rings,  which  are  given  away  by  the  National  Board  after  the  require- 
ments for  this  rank  have  been  met. 


Finances 


I2I 


The  articles  which  indicate  either  membership  or  rank  will  be  sold 
only  to  members;  e.  g.,  the  Guardian^s  pin,  Torch  Bearer’s  pin,  Fire 
Maker’s  bracelet,  honor  beads,  etc.,  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls.  Other 
articles,  which  are  not  for  official  use,  will  be  sold  to  any  one. 

The  Camp  Fire  Stores  Company  does  a regular  mail  order  business 
with  the  general  public.  It  may  deal  in  anything  that  a large  depart- 
ment store  usually  handles.  The  goods  sold  by  this  organization  do 
not  come  under  the  supervision  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls  Organization, 
as  they  are  of  the  character  of  general  merchandise,  and  not  simply 
supplies  for  Camp  Fire  Girls.  No  officer,  director,  or  any  one  else 
connected  in  any  way  with  the  National  organization  has  any  financial 
interest  in  either  the  Outfitting  or  the  Stores  Company. 


CHAPTER  XII 

CAMP  FIRE  AND  THE  CHURCH 


Camp  Fire  needs  the  church,  and  the  church  finds  in  our  organiza- 
tion a most  attractive  means  by  which  its  spirit  can  be  brought  into 
larger  daily  service. 

Camp  Fire  is  religious  in  spirit  and  purpose.  For  example,  when 
a girl  takes  the  rank  of  Fire  Maker,  she  undertakes  to  “tend  the  fire 
that  is  called 


“The  love  of  man  for  man 
The  love  of  man  for  God.’* 

Camp  Fire  gives  honors  for  direct  relation  to  the  church  and  its 
institutions,  e.  g.,  731.  For  attending  service,  729.  For  teaching  in 
Sunday  School,  730.  For  being  a member  in  a Sunday  School  class, 
732.  Study  lives  of  religious  leaders,  733,  missionaries,  745;  commit 
to  memory  passages  from  the  Bible,  as  well  as  honors  for  singing  in 
choruses,  playing  instruments,  philanthropic  service  of  church  insti- 
tutions, etc. 

Camp  Fire  does  not  undertake  the  responsibility  for  doctrinal 
instruction  in  religious  life,  for  this  should  be  under  the  direct  control 
of  each  church  body.  Camp  Fire  can  and  does  prepare  girls  to 
receive  such  instruction  and  to  give  it  constant  use  in  daily  conduct. 

There  are  many  Sunday  School  classes,  members  of  which  have 
been  organized  as  Camp  Fires.  This  relation  between  the  Sunday 
School  and  the  Camp  Fire  is  wholesome  and  valuable,  but  the  work  of 
the  Sunday  School  as  such,  and  the  work  of  the  Camp  Fire  should 
not  be  confused.  For  example,  religious  instruction  should  be  carried 
on  by  the  class  as  a Sunday  School  class,  not  as  a Camp  Fire,  because 
while  Camp  Fire  cooperates,  it  does  not  duplicate  church  work. 

We  aim  to  help  to  make  religious  life  reach  out  and  include  homes, 
friendships,  and  ideals,  and  so  to  enrich  and  enlarge  all  phases  of  life. 
We  aim  to  give  experience  in  many  spiritual  things  and  to  cultivate 
spiritual-mindedness.  These  are  of  the  greatest  value  in  broaden- 


122 


Camp  Fire  and  the  Church  123 

ing  and  deepening  religious  life.  Religion  may  be  regarded  as  the 
mode  of  assembling  the  various  parts  of  life  into  a unity. 

“Religious  honors  are  not  separately  grouped  as  such  because  the 
service  of  God  involves  the  whole  of  life — body,  mind,  and  spirit. 
If  we  should  have  a group  of  honors  under  the  heading  of  religion, 
it  would  seem  to  imply  that  religion  was  isolated  from  the  rest  of  life 
and  that  the  other  groups  were  somehow  carried  on  with  a different 
spirit  or  a different  idea  of  service.  More  and  more  we  realize  that 
physical  things  cannot  be  separated  from  the  spiritual,  and  that  the 
spiritual  motive  and  atmosphere  must  pervade  and  dominate  the 
entire  life.  Camp  Fire  from  the  beginning  has  been  an  endeavor  to 
express  the  oneness  of  life  and  to  carry  out  in  practical  ways  the 
spiritual  conception  of  daily  living. 

Dr.  Norman  E.  Richardson,  President  of  the  Boston  Sunday 
School  Superintendents’  Union,  says: — “There  are  many  reasons 
why  Camp  Fire  Girls  is  being  adopted  by  so  many  churches  and  why 
it  is  proving  to  be  so  successful. 

“ In  the  first  place,  it  fits  into  the  organization  of  the  Church  School 
without  violating  any  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  Church  School 
organization.  It  is  not  necessary  to  organize  the  girls  solely  for 
Camp  Fire  purposes,  thus  increasing  the  number  of  organizations  and 
dissipating  the  loyalties  of  the  girls.  The  present  class  units  of 
organization  can  be  carried  over  into  the  field  of  recreation,  that  is. 
Camp  Fire  can  be  made  a supplement  to,  rather  a substitute  for,  the 
regular  form  of  organization. 

“The  system  of  activities  provided  is  so  varied  and  so  inclusive  that 
selections  can  be  made  that  are  adapted  to  the  needs  of  all  kinds  of 
girls.  The  Camp  Fire  Manual  is  a veritable  storehouse  of  interesting 
and  practical  suggestions  of  things  that  girls  from  twelve  to  twenty 
years  of  age  like  to  do.  The  needs,  interests,  and  capacities  of  the 
girls  themselves,  have  been  the  guiding  principles  in  selecting  the 
various  items  in  the  Camp  Fire  Program. 

“Ideas  presented  and  emotions  awakened  on  Sunday  need  to  be  put 
to  some  use  during  the  week.  More  harm  is  done  to  young  life  during 
leisure  time  than  this  world  dreams  of,  and  leisure  hours  present  more 
opportunities  for  building  character  than  the  church  has  yet 


124  Camp  Fire  Girls 

realized.  The  church  now  faces  the  responsibility,  not  only  of  pro- 
viding formal  instruction  in  morals  and  religions,  but  also  the  responsi- 
bility of  conserving  that  instruction  by  providing  suitable  opportuni- 
ties for  expression.  The  Camp  Fire  Program  preempts  the  leisure 
time  of  girls,  thus  saving  them  from  harmful  types  of  activities,  but  in 
addition  to  this  it  does  the  positive  work  of  directing  them  toward 
those  things  which  are  recreational  in  the  highest  and  best  sense. 

‘‘It  must  not  be  assumed,  however,That  Camp  Fire  is  an  automatic 
machine,  self-directed  and  self-propelled.  Any  program  of  recrea- 
tion that  is  not  in  the  hands  of  a suitable  leader  can  easily  become 
positively  harmful.  The  Camp  Fire  Program  is  not  a substitute  for 
trained  leaders.  It  presents  an  increased  demand  that  the  Church 
School  provide  those  types  of  leaders  who  can  lead  girls  through  Camp 
Fire  into  their  highest  and  richest  self-development.  The  Camp  Fire 
Guardian  should  be  loyal  to  her  own  Church,  spontaneously  enthusi- 
astic for  the  claims  of  her  own  religion.  It  is  not  enough  for  her  to 
master  the  technique  of  building  fires  and  weaving  headbands. 
These  interesting  activities,  in  fact,  the  whole  organization,  is  but  a 
dead  tool  until  it  is  placed  in  the  hands  of  one  who  knows  how  to  use 
it.  With  the  ideal  guardian,  however,  the  girls  are  sure  to  come  into 
a richer  spiritual  inheritance,  for  character  can  be  formed  through 
recreation. 

“Furthermore,  the  Camp  Fire  Program  develops  the  girls  within 
their  natural  environment.  It  does  not  take  them  away  from  the 
home,  nor  does  it  try  to  make  them  boyish.  It  strengthens  the  bonds 
that  unite  the  girls  to  their  own  family  circles.  It  looks  with  high 
favor  upon  domestic  skill  and  loyalty.  The  three  institutions  that 
influence  most  deeply  the  life  of  a girl  are  the  homes,  the  church,  and 
the  school.  Camp  Fire  seeks  to  organize  the  activities  that  naturally 
lie  outside  of  these  institutions  and  use  them  to  create  higher  efficiency 
within  these  three  groups  of  relationships/* 


CHAPTER  XIII 

NAMES,  SYMBOLS,  AND  HEADBANDS 

A symbol  tells  with  great  simplicity  a story,  a thought,  an  aspiration, 
or  an  ideal.  It  is  marked  by  the  individuality  of  the  maker  and  it 
stands  for  an  expression  clearer  to  that  person  than  any  number  of 
descriptive  words.  Many  costumes  and  headbands  are  made  un- 
attractive by  the  appearance  of  letters,  such  as  those  spelling  the 
name  of  the  Camp  Fire.  A well-chosen  symbol  should  convey  the 
meaning — it  is  more  artistic,  more  decorative,  and  simpler  to  make. 
Symbolism  should  not  stop  at  the  ceremonial  gown.  It  should  be 
made  a part  of  the  every-day  dress.  Beautiful  hat  bands,  scarfs, 
sashes,  bags,  woodblocked  dresses,  and  smocks  can  be  made  by  every 
Camp  Fire  Girl.  At  first,  it  may  not  be  found  easy  to  express  one’s 
self  by  means  of  symbolism,  so  the  following  drawings  have  been 
made  and  described  to  suggest  ways  in  which  symbolism  may  be  used. 
Two  points  to  remember  in  drawing  symbols  are: 

1.  Simplicity.  Avoid  realistic  and  detailed  drawings. 

2.  Balance.  Have  your  design  well  balanced. 

How  to  Make  a Headband.  Secure  a bead  loom  from  the  Camp 
Fire  Outfitting  Company  or  from  the  fancy  work  department  of  a 
store.  If  you  would  rather  make  a bead  loom,  it  is  a simple  and 
interesting  process.  Secure  a strong  cigar  box,  and  across  the  narrow 
ends  either  cut  notches  about  one-sixteenth  of  an  inch  apart,  or  fasten 
a piece  of  wire  comb.  The  other  two  sides  should  be  cut  away. 

Cut  one  more  warp  thread  than  the  number  of  beads  you  are  going 
to  use  in  the  width  of  the  band.  A band  twenty  beads  in  width  takes 
twenty-one  warp  threads.  Fasten  the  threads  securely  at  one  end 
and  bring  them  through  the  notches,  side  by  side  to  the  other  end  of 
the  box  and  fasten  them  so  that  the  threads  are  taut  across  the  top 
of  the  box.  Use  strong  linen  thread  for  the  warp.  Thread  a fine 
needle  and  tie  end  of  thread  to  left  end  of  warp  thread.  String  enough 
beads  to  reach  across  the  width  of  the  band  (one  less  than  the  number 

I2S 


126 


A Saturday  afternoon  hike  over  the  hills  means  health 


Off  for  a sixty-mile  hike 


-1 


Learning  control  of  the  body  at  Lake  Okoboji,  Iowa 


Names,  Symbols,  and  Headbands  127 

of  warp  threads).  Pass  the  string  of  beads  under  the  warp  threads, 
push  the  beads  up  between  the  threads  and  then  pass  the  needle 
through  the  beads  again.  This  time  the  thread  goes  over  the  warp 
threads.  The  design  you  wish  to  make  should  be  well  drawn  on 
cross-section  paper.  Each  square  represents  one  bead. 

To  fulfill  the  Fourth  Requirement  for  Wood  Gatherer  does  not 
necessarily  mean  the  making  of  a bead  headband  on  a loom.  Many 
attractive  headbands  can  be  made  by  embroidering  your  symbol 
either  in  beads  on  silk  or  a piece  of  velvet,  khaki,  or  soft  leather. 
Woodblocking  and  stencilling  are  often  used  in  carrying  out  designs 
for  headbands. 

Description  of  Symbols 

I.  Wa-lo-hi — Thrill  of  Dawn.  A purple  hush,  changing  to 
song,  to  scarlet,  and  then — the  sun!  Where  is  the  thrill  to  compare 
with  it?  Nations  have  bowed  down  in  its  presence.  There  is  always 
the  deep  peace  of  earth-stillness  at  dawn.  Wa-lo-hi  will  then  go  and 
listen,  and  in  her  soul  will  be  born  mysterious  silences,  and  others  will 
wonder  and  love  her. 

The  central  design  is  a lake  symbol  (Arapaho),  with  the  sun  peeping 
above.  On  either  side  are  mountains  with  the  symbol  for  person  on 
top. 

II.  Wi-to-no-hi — She  Withholds  Nothing.  She  gives  all — her- 
self, her  heart,  her  joy  and  sorrow  she  holds  out,  reaching  toward  the 
world.  The  figure  in  the  center  of  the  design  is  the  heart.  On  either 
side  are  little  flames  of  joy,  directly  above  is  a cloud  of  sorrow,  and 
nearly  encircling  these  are  the  arms  of  love. 

III.  Li-tah-ni. — ^Little  Flame  in  the  Night.  Li-tah-ni  is  as  one 
of  the  little  flames  which  dot  the  lonely  country  road,  the  silent  hill 
and  valley,  and  the  busy  city  street  with  love,  a little  spirit  of  home- 
glowing  welcome  to  the  tired  hearts  and  the  hungry  souls  that  are 
magically  drawn  thither. 

IV.  Yo-be-nish — ^Barberry. 

You  were  my  burning  bush.  Barberry,  Barberry, 

There  at  the  bend  of  the  road. 


-128 


Names,  Symbols,  and  Headbands  129 

Flaming  with  autumn  fire,  scarlet  as  heart’s  desire, 

In  thy  leaves  all  the  world’s  mystery  glowed. 

I bowed  my  soul  to  you.  Barberry,  Barberry, 

Hurt  it  was,  too,  and  afraid. 

Drew  off  my  travel-worn  shoes,  dusty,  gray,  and  torn. 
Humbly  I came  to  you,  faint  and  dismayed. 

Oh,  but  the  heaven  was  wonderful.  Barberry, 

Wide-ej^ed  and  vagabond  blue. 

Cool  sun  upon  the  grass,  faint  fingered  winds  that  pass. 
Everything  brim-full  of  joy,  through  and  through. 

All  the  past  seemed  like  a vagrant  dream.  Barberry. 

Healed  was  my  soul,  and  anew. 

Coming,  I know  not  why,  bubbled  up  songs  of  joy 
God  gave  them.  Barberry,  God  gave  me  you! 

V.  Ma-ren-po — ^Pollen  Dreamer.  Pollen  symbolizes  new  life, 
new  seeds,  new  flowers,  new  endless  creation.  How  aimless  and 
wasteful  are  many  of  our  dreamings;  what  sterile  and  fruitless  mean- 
derings  after  unreality.  But  now  and  then  comes  a dreamer  whose 
every  dream  is  alive,  quivering  with  fertility  and  the  possibilities  of 
creation;  dreams  that  bud,  and  flower,  and  seed,  and  grow,  to  bud 
and  flower  again. 

The  symbol  is  taken  from  the  Arapaho,  meaning  butterfly,  and  the 
four  dots  symbolize  pollen,  the  new  life  carried  by  the  butterfly  from 
flower  to  flower. 

• 

VI.  Koo-ti-ma — Moonlight  Brook.  Koo-ti-ma  will  have  a heart 
of  calm,  and  yet,  underneath  the  litten,  silver  surface  she  will  be 
aware  of  strange  yearnings  toward  the  unknown  river  beyond.  Some- 
times these  yearnings  may  trouble  her,  and  the  calm  be  shattered  into 
a thousand  fragments  of  distraught  and  sparkling  unrest.  Yet  each 
tiny  ripple  will  be  full  of  moonlight,  and  when  peace  again  rests  on 
the  brook,  the  moon  will  shine,  perfect  in  its  serene  beauty. 

VII.  Waw-ban-see — Mirror  Water.  Whatever  Waw-ban-see 
reflects  appears  beautified,  as  each  passing  cloud,  however  gray,  each 
old,  dead  tree  limb,  each  jutting  rock,  the  sun-flecked  willow,  and  the 


130 


Names,  Symbols,  and  Headbands  13 1 

first  evening  star,  seem  enhanced  and  glorified  in  the  mirroring  stream. 
So,  without  realizing  it,  perhaps,  Waw-ban-see  will  be  found  reflecting 
the  image  of  the  Great  Wokanda,  Unseen  Spirit  of  Loveliness. 

The  design  is  shown  in  the  white  outline.  Through  the  center  runs 
the  stream.  From  left  to  right,  with  their  reflections,  are  the  sun, 
tree,  clouds,  and  underneath,  the  jutting  rocks.  The  design  is  re- 
peated from  the  center. 

VIII.  Sa-qua-sipi — River  of  Mystery.  The  Indians  gave  this 
name  to  a river  which  had  its  source  in  bubbling  springs,  saying  that 
it  meant,  “Something  which  comes  up  in  the  night  without  any  seed 
having  been  planted.”  In  each  of  us  is  such  a river,  rising  from  mys- 
terious springs  deep  in  our  inmost  selves.  Some  of  us  neglect  it,  let 
the  rustling  marsh  grasses  wither,  try  to  dam  it  back,  or  fill  the  springs 
with  sand,  and  the  river  dwindles  to  a mere  trickle,  and  at  last,  dies. 
Sa-qua-sipi  will  care  for  her  “ River  of  Mystery,”  plant  the  banks  with 
lovely  dream  flowers,  build  little  bridges  of  wise  thoughts  to  span  it, 

make  it  turn  the  wheels  of  Love’s  great  power  plants.  This  is 
the  symbol  for  heart,  and  from  it  flows  the  River  of  Mystery. 

IX.  Ta-ta-pochon — Cannot-be-Pulled- Apart.  This  is  sym- 
bolized by  the  square  knot.  The  more  you  pull  it,  the  tighter  it  will 
grow.  Such  is  the  friendship  of  Ta-ta-pochon.  This  name  also 
means  “Twisting  Vine.” 

X.  Koon — Snow;  or  Na-wa-kah-mo-ka — First  Snow.  How 

friendly  seems  the  first  falling  snow!.  It  smooths  out  the  roughnesses, 
conceals  the  ugliness,  dresses  the  bareness  in  beauty,  and  tenderly 
covers  the  faded  grasses  to  await  another  spring.  There  are  a few 
human  Na-wa-kah-mo-kas,  the  rare  friends  who  transform  the  gray 
world.  They  make  the  hopelessly  plain  seem  beautiful,  smooth  away 
the  self-conscious  roughness,  bring  to  light  hidden  charms,  and  lend 
to  others  the  glow  of  their  own  quiet  perfection.  They  tend  “the 
fire  that  is  called  the  love  of  man  for  man,  the  love  of  man  for  God.” 

This  band  symbolizes  the  snowflakes  and  the  snow-covered  ground. 

XL  Mattapf-hyo-teg — Sit-by-the-Fire.  Mattapf-hyo-teg  will 
sit  by  the  fire,  feed  it,  and  fearlessly  search  its  depths,  and  in  her  eyes 
friends  will  see  the  fire-lore  written. 


132 


Names,  Symbols,  and  Headbands  133 

The  square  design  is  an  Arapaho  symbol  for  person  sitting;  the 
triangle,  an  Arapaho  flame  symbol. 

XII.  Nas-waw-kee — Feathered  Arrow,  or  One-Who- 
Feathers-Arrows.  Feathers  make  the  arrow  fly  straight.  There 
are  some  arrows  that  seem  destined  to  ".igzag  through  life,  however 
much  they  may  try  to  go  straight  ahead.  Aim  as  they  will,  they 
keep  having  to  pick  themselves  out  of  some  wandering  path,  far 
afield,  and  struggle  into  sight  of  the  target.  Perhaps  these  arrows 
need  a few  strong  feathers,  tied  on  tightly.  There  are  always  a 
few  who  are  expert  at  feathering  arrows.  Guardians  need  to  be  good 
at  this  task.  Nas-waw-kee  means  both  the  arrow  and  the  featherer. 
These  are  Arapaho  symbols  for  arrow. 

XIII.  Wendat — People  of  One  Speech.  The  symbol  shows  a 
chain  in  which  the  links  are  of  hearing  ears  and  understanding  tongues. 

XIV.  Tems-kwah-ta-wah — He-Who-Keeps-the-Door-Open. 
The  door  of  the  soul  must  be  kept  open  to  each  new  truth,  which 
must  be  welcomed,  and  given  its  own  place  in  the  life.  The  open  door 
of  hospitality  means  not  alone  the  giving  of  physical  food,  but  the 
spiritual  gift  of  one’s  self. 

The  design  is  one  of  a primitive  spoon,  and  Indian  symbol  for  hos- 
pitality. The  band  is  begun  with  the  square,  an  Arapaho  symbol  for 
the  open  door,  over  the  handle  of  the  spoon. 

XV.  To-pi-ah — Frost-on-the-Leaves.  It  is  so  airily  traced 
that  a touch  or  a breath  will  bruise  or  dissolve  it,  yet  so  perfect  in  its 
fairness  that  it  seems  like  the  dreams  which  trace  their  magic  in  our 
hearts. 

XVI.  Tah-hoo-tah-na-ke — Two-Ears-Together,  or  Rabbit. 

XVII.  A-go-go — Hush-The e-Child.  A-go-go  expresses  the  quiet 
comfort  of  a mother.  The  symbol  represents  a babe  cradled  in  the 
out-of-doors. 

XVIII.  O-aw-wen-sa — Sunflower  or  Flower-of-the-Sun.  In 

the  upper  middle  part  of  the  design  is  the  sun.  The  petals  grow  out 
from  it,  saturated  with  its  yellow  glow.  Below,  a leaf  stretches  out 
to  the  right. 


134  Camp  Fire  Girls 

XIX.  Hah-nah-wen — ^Butterfly.  “He  feels  warm  because  he 

delights  in  the  sun.** 

XX.  Sa-a-narai.  “ In  old  age  walking  the  beautiful  trail.** 

Note — ^Any  of  the  above  names  may  be  shortened  if  so  desired. 

How  to  Choose  a Name.  A Camp  Fire  girl  chooses  or  wins  her 
own  name  and  symbol,  which  stands  for  the  qualities  or  accomplish- 
ments by  which  she  wishes  to  be  known.  From  a collection  of  Indian 
legends  the  names  “Wanaka,**  sun-halo,  and  “Chelan,**  clear  water, 
were  taken.  One  girl  had  been  watching  the  oven-bird  build  its 
nest  and  then  took  the  Indian  name  of  that  bird.  Another  girl  took 
her  name  from  the  words,  “needed  and  cheerful,**  two  things  which 
she  wished  to  be,  and  now  she  is  known  as  “Neachee.**  “Pakwa** 
chose  the  frog  as  her  symbol,  for  its  skill  in  diving;  “Kanxi**  chose 
the  honey-bee  for  its  sweetness.  “Morning  Star*’  likes  to  take  walks 
before  breakfast  and  hopes  soon  to  get  breakfast  all  alone  for  the 
other  members  of  the  family.  “Evening  Star,**  her  sister,  is  the 
one  who  puts  the  two  younger  children  to  bed,  and  she  is  winning  her 
first  honors  in  telling  folk-stories  and  Indian  legends  to  them.  “Grey 
Leaves**  found  her  name  in  the  poem,  “The  Master  and  the  Trees,** 
by  Sidney  Lanier. 

The  names  and  symbols  of  the  Camp  Fires  or  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls 
may  be  suggested  from  any  source,  especially  from  folk-lore  of  the 
different  countries,  but  are  perhaps  more  often  taken  from  the  Indian 
lore,  because  it  is  suggestive  of  the  spirit  of  out-of-doors,  of  the  in- 
genious use  of  the  materials  at  hand,  and  is  so  distinctly  American. 

Often,  when  names  have  been  too  hastily  chosen,  the  girls  are  anx- 
ious to  change  them  for  new  names.  Many  times  a more  thoughtful 
study  of  the  name  will  reveal  some  study  of  symbolism  not  before 
known  or  realized.  If  so,  it  is  wise  to  hold  to  the  original  name.  But 
if  the  girl’s  desires  have  so  changed  that  a different  name  is  more 
appropriate,  let  the  old  name  be  written  on  a piece  of  paper,  and  at 
the  Council  Fire  the  Guardian  may  explain  the  reason  for  the  change. 
She  then  throws  the  paper  into  the  flames  and  tells  the  girls  that,  as 
she  throws  the  paper  into  the  flames,  it  is  a sign  that  the  name  is  gone 
forever  and  must  never  be  mentioned  by  the  girls  again;  hereafter, 
the  girl  is  to  be  known  by  her  new  name. 


TlYRG-fl  HOMS-rJBKeJt 


Ti-ya-ga  has  chosen  the  tepee  and  flame  for  her  symbol,  the 
Home  Maker.  In  the  tepee  design  at  the  bottom  of  her  skirt  and 
in  the  headband  she  has  worked  in  a personality  symbol,  but  at  the 
neck  of  the  costume,  on  either  side  of  the  tepee  in  the  center,  she 
has  made  a border  of  her  flame  symbols. 


135 


MiNows— nawG  voice 


The  idea  of  song  is  carried  out  in  the  dress,  moccasins,  and  head- 
band.  In  the  center  of  the  design  above  the  fringe  at  the  bottom 
of  the  costume  is  a bird  symbol  with  its  song  (the  wavy  lines). 
Directly  above,  on  either  side,  is  another  symbol  for  song.  The 
collar,  also,  is  a symbolic  bird.  Its  tail  shows  on  the  back  of  the 
collar.  The  headband  and  moccasins  show  the  bird  with  its  song 
encircling  the  land  with  its  magic. 


136 


CHAPTER  XIV 

THE  CEREMONIAL  GOWN 

The  ceremonial  gown  should  be  as  beautiful  as  we  can  make  it, 
but  there  is  the  danger  of  confusing  true  decoration  with  meaningless 
ornamentation.  This  should  not  be  found  a common  mistake,  for 
Camp  Fire  Girls  are  imbued  with  the  very  spirit  of  beauty.  If  we 
will  keep  in  mind  that  our  gown  is  more  than  a passing  fad,  more  than 
a girlhood  phase  of  our  existence,  that  it  is,  in  fact,  a proud  record, 
writ  large  with  our  accomplishments  and  ideals,  imbued  with  sym- 
bols of  dear  friendship,  memory-hallowed,  and  alive  with  the  promise 
of  hope  fulfilled,  we  will  come  into  a rightful  sense  of  its  purpose. 

There  is  a splendid  democracy  of  spirit  possible  through  the  use 
and  development  of  our  ceremonial  gown;  first,  it  should  be  made  of 
excellent  (though  not  necessarily  expensive)  material,  its  lines  good, 
color  and  length  uniform,  for  there  is  no  surer  method  of  detracting 
from  group  beauty  than  by  a diversity  of  shades  when  a costume  is 
obviously  intended  to  carry  out  unison,  or  by  the  jerky  effect  of  such 
costumes  when  cut  in  varying  lengths  from  knee  to  ankle.  The  gown 
is  made  of  khaki,  with  leather  fringe,  the  bottom  of  which  should  be 
seven  inches  from  the  ground.  Elaboration,  which  merely  means 
large  money-purchasing  power,  should  find  no  encouragement  in 
Camp  Fire  groups,  but  worthily  earned  decoration,  the  well-balanced 
use  of  God’s  glory  of  color  will  become  a source  of  mutual  group  as 
well  as  individual  pride,  and  each  girl  should  cherish  the  hope  of 
handing  on  to  that  dear  posterity  of  her  dreams  this  woven  texture 
of  her  girl-soul  expression. 

When  the  Gown  Should  Be  Worn.  Questions  regarding  the 
time  and  occasions  for  wearing  the  ceremonial  costume  are  many. 
Should  it  be  worn  for  demonstrations,  exhibitions,  or  masquerades? 
No,  we  are  opposed  to  cheapening  it  in  such  ways,  and  if  we  are  en- 
dowed with  the  ideals  which  we  represent  when  we  wear  it  in  the  name 
of  our  organization,  we  will  hold  these  sentiments  too  precious  for 
careless  usage.  Should  it  be  worn  when  girls  are  acting  as  ushers  or 

137 


138  Camp  Fire  Girls 

waiting  on  tables  at  fairs  and  the  like?  No,  it  is  just  as  incorrect  for 
a Camp  Fire  girl  to  perform  these  offices  in  her  ceremonial  gown  as  for 
an  Episcopal  minister  to  wait  on  table  in  the  gown  of  his  office. 

Our  ceremonial  gown  has  its  high  purpose:  first,  in  the  intimate 
circle  of  the  Council  Fire;  second,  in  public  appearance  at  the  Grand 
Council;  third,  when  Camp  Fire  girls  appear  in  pageants  or  on  floats 
in  a group,  as  representatives  of  the  organization,  provided  such 
pageants  or  floats  do  not  commit  the  Camp  Fire  girls  as  such,  to 
sponsor  or  belong  to  any  one  sect,  society,  or  institution. 

Exceptional  Uses  of  the  Gown.  When  celebrations  of  purely 
community  interest  are  given,  and  Camp  Fire  girls  are  asked  to 
participate,  the  gown  may  be  worn;  but  in  such  cases  they  should 
give  some  distinctive  ceremonial  of  the  Camp  Fire,  however  brief; 
light  the  fires  of  Work,  Health,  and  Love;  sing  appropriate  songs; 
and  build  the  fire  to  symbolize  their  rising  place  in  the  community 
and  the  glow  of  their  high  intent.  If  our  ceremonial  gown  is  to  be 
fraught  with  meaning  to  us,  we  must  zealously  guard  its  sanctity  of 
association,  so  that  it  may  become  the  combined  symbol  of  all  that 
it  has  meant  to  us  of  beauty,  happiness,  and  attainment  of  ideals. 


Ceremonial  gowns  exhibited  at  national  headquarters 


Ceremonial  gowns  exhibited  at  national  headquarters 


( 


unsn*  btsBK  OF  n*HS 
•pHunomFt  mooM 

All  the  week  the  rain  was  with  us, 
Keeping  us  from  outdoor  pleasures. 

But  we  blessed  the  generous  rain  god 
For  the  chances  that  he  gave  us 
For  our  gathering  in  the  Craft  House 
At  the  feet  of  our  Tirpanous. 

There  we  sat  around  the  fire. 

Faces  glowing  in  the  warm  light. 

Faces  earnest  in  attention. 

Out-of-doors  was  black  and  stormy. 

Rain  came  patter,  patter  downward, 

And  we  listened  to  Timanous. 

Talked  he  of  the  many  chances 
For  our  learning  useful  antics 
As  we  sported  in  the  water. 

Swam  and  dove  and  jumped  and  twisted, 
One  thing  at  a time  attempting; 

Then  next  morning  he  watched  o’er  us. 
Helping,  warning,  and  directing. 


139 


VHB  d'BAR 


UNOW  i^OOH 
C«lAMWARy> 

HUM  am  moon 
<rCBHVAI^> 


TH&  CftOW  MOON 
<MAROH> 


tfO  GO 
^PRIL 

■li.' 


‘thb  wibo  Goose  MOort 
< APRIU> 


9HG  *PHUN^GR  MOON 

f^Mft  oasoNemif  Mooff 

< ASJGXfS^J 

VHB  HWMVINO  MOON 

<SbO'rBmseii> 

9He  LBATVMtuMOMOON 

c «e*ro0Ba> 


«He  SONG  MOOM 
«AAy 


9HB>  ICBPORMINGAtOOH 

< NoveMeeR> 


THB  aOSii  MOOH 


l•ONO  NIGHT  MOON 
« B&eNM8Ba> 


140 


CHAPTER  XV 

THE  COUNT,  OR  RECORD  BOOK 

If  the  Camp  Fire  is  to  succeed,  it  is  necessary  to  hav^e  a record  of 
the  honors  earned  by  each  girl.  The  Count,  or  Record  Book,  has 
been  especially  designed  to  meet  this  need.  It  makes  permanent  any 
good  times  that  the  girls  have  together.  Girls  in  their  teens  are  in 
the  romance  period  of  their  lives.  They  love  memory  books.  The 
written  record  of  the  doings  of  their  group  means  infinitely  more  to 
them  than  to  people  in  general.  Every  time  it  is  read  individually 
or  collectively,  the  good  times  are  lived  over.  It  makes  of  importance 
events  trivial  in  themselves.  It  holds  the  group  together.  An  in- 
dividual group  may  scatter  and  disband,  but  if  a good  Count  was  kept, 
it  will  be  a testimony  of  the  work  they  have  done  and  the  play  they 
have  enjoyed  together.  In  work  for  girls,  it  is  economy  of  effort,  for 
in  the  long  run  nothing  is  lost. 

The  first  five  printed  leaves  are  for  the  title  page,  marking  the  roll 
and  recording  the  group  summary  of  the  honors  won  and  the  ranks 
attained.  Following  this  there  are  four  pages  for  each  girl.  The 
honors  are  represented  by  pictographs  which  are  to  be  appropriately 
colored  when  the  honor  is  won.  Any  of  these  pages  may  be  purchased 
separately.  Each  book  contains  record  blanks  for  twelve  girls,  unless 
otherwise  ordered.  There  are  over  fifty  pages  for  the  written  record 
of  events,  for  pictures,  pen  sketches,  and  other  reminders.  The 
Record  Book  is  printed  in  dark  brown  on  tan  paper  and  is  covered 
with  soft  brown  leather  bound  with  a thong  of  the  same. 

Each  Camp  Fire  is  to  decorate  its  own  Count.  The  symbol  of 
the  Camp  Fire  is  to  be  painted  or  burned  on  the  brown  leather  cover. 
The  first  leaf  will  be  the  title  page.  On  this  page  should  be  the  name 
of  the  Camp  Fire  and  the  date  of  the  first  Council  Fire.  Following 
the  title  page  is  a page  on  which  is  printed  the  Law  of  the  Camp  Fire, 
to  be  signed  by  each  girl  as  she  joins.  Following  this  is  a page  ar- 
ranged for  a yearly  summary  of  the  records  of  the  Camp  Fire  members. 
The  page  for  marking  the  attendance  is  divided  into  squares  in  which 
can  be  drawn  symbols  illustrating  what  was  done  at  each  meeting. 

141 


142  Camp  Fire  Girls 

They  may  be  marked  either  by  red  pencil  for  the  ceremonial  meetings 
and  by  blue  for  the  weekly  meetings,  or  by  the  colors  indicating  the 
different  moons  as  used  by  the  Indians.* 

The  Chattahoochee  Camp  Fire,  in  marking  the  roll,  has  used  certain 
colors  to  indicate  the  reason  for  any  absence.  They  color  the  moon 
flame  color  for  Camp  Fire  work  done  at  home  at  the  time  of  the  meet- 
ing; green  if  the  girl  has  stayed  away  to  be  with  her  parents;  purple 
if  she  is  away  at  school  or  on  a long  journey;  white  for  absence  on 
account  of  illness;  and  black  if  she  stays  away  by  preference, 

March — Crow  Moon,  First,  or  Awakening  (Blue)  Crane  Moon. 

April — ^Wild  Goose  or  Grass  Moon  (Green),  Honker  Moon. 

May — Fawn  or  Song  Moon  (Purple). 

June — Rose  Moon  (Rose). 

July — ^Thunder  Moon  (Copper). 

August — Red  or  Green  Corn  Moon  (Yellow). 

September — Hunting  Moon  (Yellow). 

October — Leaf  Falling  Moon  (Fiery). 

November — Mad  Moon  (Smoky). 

December — Long  Night  Moon  (Black). 

January — Snow  Moon  (White). 

February — Hunger  Moon  or  Wan  Moon  (Pale  or  Ashy). 


Of  following  these  pages  each  girl  is  to  All  out  her  group  of  four 
leaves.  On  the  first  one  she  writes  her  name,  the  date  of  her  birth, 
the  names  of  her  father  and  mother,  her  birthplace,  and  her  present 
address.  On  this  leaf  she  also  fills  out  the  date  when  she  attains  each 
rank,  using  for  the  month  its  Indian  name  or  symbol.  These  can  be 
found  in  the  calendar  or  on  the  covers  of  “Wohelo.'* 

Next  comes  the  name  of  the  Camp  Fire,  its  totem,  and  the  town 
in  which  it  is  chartered.  As  the  girl  gains  the  requirements  for  be- 
coming a Wood  Gatherer,  the  symbols  representing  the  requirements 
are  painted  brown,  the  color  of  the  fagots.  When  they  are  completed 
and  she  has  received  her  ring,  her  ceremonial  name  with  its  meaning 
is  written  in  and  her  symbol  drawn. 

As  rapidly  as  she  meets  the  requirements  to  become  a Fire  Maker, 
the  symbol  representing  the  requirement  is  painted  purple.  “As 
the  purple  of  the  hills  suggests  the  beauty  of  the  land  beyond,  so  the 

•Quoted  from  “The  Birch-Bark  Roll,’*  by  Ernest  Thompson  Seton. 


The  first  girls’  camp  in  Alaska 


Call  to  service 


Minute  Girls  of  1917 


The  Count,  or  Record  Book  143 

purple  of  these  honors  brings  the  inspiration  of  Wohelo.”  When  she 
becomes  a Torch  Bearer,  her  symbol  is  painted  in  the  empty  quarter 
of  the  Torch  Bearer’s  emblem.  On  the  next  two  leaves  are  the  sym- 
bols of  the  Elective  Honors.  I'hese  are  to  be  painted  the  colors 
corresponding  to  the  beads  given  for  these  honors:  red  for  the  red 
blood  of  health,  flame  color  for  home  craft,  the  blue  of  the  open  sky 
for  nature  lore;  the  brown  of  the  woods  for  camp  craft;  green,  the 
color  of  creation,  for  hand  craft;  yellow  for  business;  and  red,  white, 
and  blue  for  patriotism.  The  fourth  leaf  is  for  the  girl’s  name  and 
symbol,  with  the  explanation  of  their  meanings,  and  her  photograph. 

Every  device  to  be  thought  of  may  be  used  to  tell  the  story  of  a 
group  of  Camp  Fire  Girls.  Not  only  do  they  write  the  happenings 
and  insert  photographs  of  their  excursions,  but  they  make  pen  pic- 
tures along  the  margins  of  the  leaves.  They  draw  everything  from 
the  Indian  sign  of  the  moon  to  a marked  and  wriggly  snake,  telling 
of  the  trip  to  Rattlesnake  Pond.  The  written  account  of  the  meetings 
and  expeditions  may  often  be  given  in  the  form  of  verse. 

To  some  girls  the  keeping  of  the  Count  has  given  the  first  real 
interest  in  written  expression.  They  find  that  they  can  do  something 
which  they  never  dreamed  was  possible  for  any  one  other  than  a 
genius. 


144 


A^CIEl 
A Uoderately 

r^T  SPXKITW 

At^  F01..K  90 

NC 

(to  ^ — E — f — 

^ Sky  80  bright 

Count* less  Star 

js 'fiaiuy 

, blue  and  light# 
8. countless  times 

stars  hov  ma-  ny 
shall  our  God  be 



ha,8t  thou? 
prai sed  now. 

r — ^ 

— aJ d 1 -1 

4aj j — — j — 

— f J — d f— 

3 -j-  ^ 

For  - est  green, 

J ^ y 

cool,  se  - rene,l 

J.  J J 

eaves  how  na  — ny 

J ' 

hast  thou? 

♦ 

^ Count'less  leave 

irt  Slowly 

s. count'less  tines 

shall  our  God  be 

^ ^ S d 

prais-ed  now. 

rW^ — I — 

1 1 — —I 

d f 1 

^ -J-  -J-  ^ 

Deep-est  sea, 

ff f 0^-7^ 

wide  and  free,  w 

r-± — r - r -i 

aves  how  ma  - 

hast  thou? 

-J J ~}-q 

^ Count- less  waves 
Very  slowly  and 

count- less  tines 

solemnly 

shall  our  God  be 

prais-ed  now. 

Ap  0 . j u -r- 

■■■■  r t r ■ 1 ■ 

— d 1 1 1 — 

r -r  — -j 1 

^ J J J J 

J O MM- 

. M A 1 

n j 1 

E-ter  - nl  -ty. 

E - ter  - ni  -ty, 

hours  how  aa — ny 

d .JL 

hast  thou? 

C- U 

Count' 1«8S  houra, count- less  times  shall  our  God  be  prais*  ed  now. 


IWOW  OUFL  CAMP  FIRES  BURNINQ  I-OW" 
c Lullaby 


US 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  REFERENCES  FOR 
ELECTIVE  HONORS 


HEALTH  CRAFT 


First  Aid: 

American  Red  Cross  Text 

Book  on  First  Aid Lynch,  Major  Charles P.  Biakiston  & Son 

Abridged $0.30 

Complete i .00 

Games  and  Folk  Dancing: 

Games  for  the  Playground, 

Home,  School  and  Gym- 
nasium   Bancroft,  Jessie  H Macmillan  Co 1.50 

Folk-dances  and  Singing 

Games Burchenal,  Elizabeth G.  Schirmer I-SO 

The  Folk-Dance  Book Crampton,  C.  Ward,  M.D.  A.  S.  Barnes  Co 1.50 

Folk  Dances  and  Games Crawford,  Caroline A.  S.  Barnes  Co 1.50 

Children’s  Singing  Games..  . .Hofer,  Mari  R A.  Flanagan  Co 50 

Education  by  Plays  and  * 

Games Johnson,  G.  E Ginn  & Co 90 

Swimming: 

At  Home  in  the  Water Corsan,  G.  Hebden Y.M.C.A.  Press 50 

How  to  Swim Dalton,  D G.  P.  Putnam’s  Sons  I.OO 

Winter  Sports: 

The  Book  of  Winter  Sports.  .Dier,  J.  C Macmillan  Co 1.50 

Horsemanship: 

Riding  and  Driving  for  Wo- 
men  Beach,  Belle Chas.  Scribner’s  Sons  4.00 

HOME  CRAFT 


The  American  School  of  Home  Economics  in  Chicago  issues  a set  of  books  touch- 
ing on  different  phases  of  home  life 

(a)  The  Handbook  of  Food  and  Diet 

(b)  The  Handbook  of  Housekeeping 

(c)  The  Handbook  of  Health  and  Nursing. 

(d)  The  Handbook  of  Dress  and  Childhood 

Cooking: 

Boston  Cooking-School  Cook 

Book Farmer,  Fannie  Merritt.  . .Little,  Brown  & Co.  $2.00 

Cookery  for  Little  Cooks.  . . .Foster,  Olive  H Duffield  & Co 7S 

146 


!$5.oo 
the  set 


Bibliography  of  References  147 

The  Cost  of  Food Richards,  Ellen  H John  Wiley  & Sons . . i . 

Paper  Bag  Cookery Soyer,  Nicholas Sturgis  & Walton  Co. 

Feeding  the  Family Swartz,  Rose  Mary Macmillan  Co 2. 

When  Mother  Lets  Us  Make 

Candy Elizabeth  DuBois Moffat,  Yard  & Co.  .75 

Marketing: 

The  Modern  Household Talbot  & Breckinridge.  . 

(Practical  treatment  of  the  subject  of  household  costs) 

Living  on  a Little Benton,  C.  F 

Laundering: 

The  Laundry  Manual Balderston,  L.  Ray  Lime- 
rick, M.  C John  C.  Winston  Co. 

Cleaning  and  Renovation  at 

Home Osman,  E.  G A.  C.  McClurg  & Co 

Housekeeping: 

Saturday  Mornings Benton,  Caroline  French.  .Dana  Estes  & Co..  . 

(A  capital  book  telling  how  a young  girl  was  trained  to 
do  household  things  in  a series  of  delightful  Saturday 
mornings  with  her  mother.) 

When  Mother  Lets  Us  Help.  .Johnson,  Constance Moffat,  Yard  & Co.. 

Housekeeping  Notes Kittridge,  Mabel Whitcomb  & Bar 

rows 

Dandelion  Cottage Rankin,  Caroll  W Henry  Holt  & Co.. . 

Expert  Waitress Springstead,  A.  F Harper  & Bros 

(Simple  rules  for  correct  service  given  in  a direct  way) 

Half  a Dozen  Housekeepers.  .Wiggin,  Kate  Douglas.  . . .A.  C.  McClurg  & Co 

Practical  Home  Making Kittredge,  Mabel  Hyde.  . .The  Century  Co.. . . 

A Second  Course  in  Home 

Making Kittredge,  Mabel  Hyde.  . .The  Century  Co.. . . 

Care  of  Pets: 


Friends  and  Helpers 

, .Ginn  & Co 

.60 

(Cats,  Dogs,  Poultry,  emphasis  on  care.) 

1 

Entertainment: 

One  Hundred  Folk  Songs. 

. . .G.  Bantock 

. . Ditson 

I. SO 

Best  Stories  to  Tell  to  Chil- 

dren 

. . Houghton,  Mifflin 

Co 

1.50 

The  Story  Hour 

. . Houghton,  Mifflin 

Co 

I.OO 

Baby  Craft: 

The  Care  and  Feeding 

of 

Children 

...Holt,  L.  E 

. . D.  Appleton  & Co. . . 

.75 

The  Baby,  His  Care 

and 

Training 

. . Harper  & Bros 

1.00 

. .60 

. .75 

. 75 

. .75 

. .80 

. 1.50 
. 1. 00 

.75 
. .70 

. .80 


. . .Whitcomb  & Bar- 

rows 1. 00 

Dana  Estes  & Co. ...  1.25 


8 8^8 


Camp  Fire  Girls 


148 


Business: 

Wage  Earning  Women MacLean,  Anne  Marion  . .Macmillan  Co 50 

NATURE  LORE 

Trees: 

Our  Native  Trees Keeler 

A Guide  to  Trees Lounsbury,  Alice 

Familiar  Trees  and  Their 

Leaves Mathews,  F.  S. . . 

The  Tree  Book Rogers,  Julia  E.  . 


Key  to  Trees Collins  & Preston 

Flowers: 

Nature’s  Garden . Blanchan,  Neltje Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co 3.00 

How  To  Know  the  Mosses.. . .Dunham,  Elizabeth  Marie.  Houghton,  MifiBin  & 

Co.,  Boston, 1.25 

How  to  Know  the  Wild- 

Flowers Dana,  Mrs.  W.  S Chas.  Scribner’s  Sons  1.7$ 

Field  Book  of  American 

Wildflowers >. Mathews,  F.  S G.  P.  Putnam’s  Sons  1. 75 

Flower  Guide Reed,  Chester  A Chester  A.  Reed, 

Worcester,  Mass. . . .75 

How  to  Know  the  Ferns Dana,  Mrs.  W.  S Chas.  Scribner’s  Sons  1. 50 


.Chas.  Scribner’s  Sons  $2.00 
. F.  A.  Stokes  & Co. . . 1.75 

. D.  Appleton  & Co. . . 1.75 
. Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co. . 4.00 

. Henry  Holt  & Co. .. . 1.3$ 


Birds: 

How  to  Attract  the  Birds..  . .Blanchan,  Neltje.  . 

Bird  Stories Burroughs,  John . . 

Bird  Life Chapman,  Frank. . 

Bird  Guide Reed,  Chester  A. 

Part  I.  Water  Birds 

Part  2.  Land  Birds 

Bird  Friends Trafton,  Gilbert  H 


Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co 4.00 

. Houghton,  Mifflin 

Co 60 

.D.  Appleton  & Co... 2, 00 
.Chester  A.  Reed, 
Worcester,  Mass. 

SO 

SO 

.Houghton,  Mifflin  & 

Co.,  Boston 2.00 


Butterflies: 

How  to  Know  the  Butter- 
flies  Comstock,  J.  H.  and  Mrs.  Appleton 2.25 

The  Butterfly  Book Holland,  W.  J Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co 3.00 

American  Boys’  Books  of 
Bugs,  Butterflies  and  Bee- 
tles  Beard,  Dan J.  B.  Lippincott  Co., 

Philadelphia,  Pa.. . 2.00 


Bibliography  of  References 


149 


Moths: 

The  Moth  Book 

Moths  of  the  Limberlost. 


Holland,  W.  J 

Porter,  Gene  Stratton, 


. Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co 4.00 

Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co 2.50 


Stars: 

How  to  Identify  the  Stars.  . .Milham,  Willis  I Macmillan  Co 75 

The  Friendly  Stars Martin Harper  & Bros 1.2$ 

The  Stars  in  Song  and  Leg- 
end  Porter,  Jermain  G Ginn  & Co 50 

Star  Lore  of  all  the  Ages Olcott G.  P.  Putnam’s  Sons. 3 .50 

Animals:  / 

Am.  Animal  Life Deming,  Therese  V Frederick  A.  Stokes 

& Co 2.00 

Gardens: 

The  Flower  Garden Bennett,  Ida  D Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co $1.10 

Mary’s  Garden  and  How  it 

Grew  (in  story  form) Duncan,  Frances The  Century  Co 1 .25 

Little  Gardens  for  Boys  and 

Girls Higgins,  Myrta  Margaret. . Houghton,  Mifflin 

Co 1.25 

The  Garden  Book  for  Young 

People  (in  story  form) Lounsbury,  Alice  F F.  A.  Stokes  Co I - SO 

How  to  Make  a Vegetable 

Garden Fullerton Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co 2.00 

Vegetable  Gardening Green Webb  Pub.  Co.,  St. 

Paul 1. 00 

Making  Home  Profitable.  . . .Salnt-Maur,  Kate  V Sturgis  & Walton..  . . I.OO 

(Poultry,  mushrooms,  small  fruits,  flowers,  bees,  ca- 
naries, household  pets.) 

Bees: 

How  to  Keep  Bees Comstock,  Anna  B Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co 1.00 


CAMP  CRAFT 

Camp  Craft: 

Field  and  Forest  Handy 

Book Beard,  Dan Chas.  Scribner’s  Sons  2 . 00 

Camp  Life  in  the  Woods Gibson,  H.  W Boy  Scout  Manual...  .2$ 

Camping  and  Scouting Grinnell  & Swan Harper  & Bros 1.75 

The  Book  of  Camping  and 

Woodcraft Kephart,  Horace Outing  Pub.  Co 2.00 

Camp  Cookery. Kephart,  Horace Outing  Pub.  Co 1.50 


150  Camp  Fire  Girls 

Woodcraft Seton,  Ernest  Thompson.  Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co I.7S 

Fire  Lore:  (How  to  make  fire  with  the  rubbing  sticks) 

Chapter  II Seton,  Ernest  Thompson.  . Boy  Scout  Manual.. . .25 

The  Book  of  Woodcraft Seton,  Ernest  Thompson . . Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co I.7S 

Knots: 

Knots  Every  Scout  Should 

Know Moffat,  Samuel  A Boy  Scout  Manual.. . .25 

Knotting  and  Splicing  Ropes 

and  Cordage Hasluck David  McKay 50 

Cat’s  Cradle  in  Many  Lands. Haddon,  K Longmans  Green  & 

Co. 90 

HAND  CRAFT 

General: 

American  Girl’s  Handy  Book 
Handicraft  and  Recreation 

for  Girls Beard,  Lina  and  Adelia.  . .Chas.Scribner’s  Sons  $2.00 

American  Girl’s  Home  Book.  .Campbell,  Helen  G G.  P.  Putnam’s  Sons  i .75 

Clay  Modeling: 

The  Potter’s  Craft Binns,  C.  F. . D.  Van  Nostrand  Co.  .50 

Dyeing: 

How  to  Make  Rugs Wheeler,  Candace Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co 1. 00 

Dyes  & Dyeing Pellew,  C.  E McBride,  Nast  & Co.  2.00 

Photography: 

Photography  for  Young 

People Jenks,  Tudor F.  A.  Stokes  Co I. SO 

Why  My  Photographs  Are 

Bad Taylor Jacobs  & Co.,  Phila. . i ,00 

Basketry: 

Cane  and  Basket  Work,  1st 

and  2nd  Series Firth,  Annie Chas.  Scribner’s  Sons  .60 

How  to  Make  Indian  Bas> 

kets James,  George  Wharton. . .Henry  Malkan l .00 

How  to  Make  Baskets White,  Mary Doubleday,  Page  & 

Co I.OO 

Bookbindery: 

Elementary  Bookmaking 

and  Bookbinding .Freeman,  Sarah  G Teachers  College 30 


Bibliography  of  References 


iSi 


fFoodcarving: 

Elementary  Woodwork. . . 

Woodcarving  for  Young 
People 


Handwork  in  Wood. 


. Kilbon Lothrop,  Lee  & Shep- 
ard Co 75 

Leland,  Geofrey  Charles..  .Photo-Beacon  Co., 
Tribune  Bid.,  Chi- 
cago  45 

.Noyes,  William Manual  Arts  Press.. . 2.00 


CarpenUring: 

Box  Furniture Brigham,  Louise Century  Co 1.60 


Sewing: 

Handicraft  for  Girls McGlauflin,  Isabelle Manual  Arts  Press.. . 1 .00 

How  to  Dress  a Doll Morgan,  M.  H Henry  Altemus  Co.. . .50 


Textiles: 

Textiles. 


Dooley,  William  H D.  C.  Heath  & Co. . . l .00 


INDEX 


PAGES 

WAR  PROGRAM  (v-xviii) 

Camping  xvii 

Clean  Inside  and  Outside xv 

Council  Fire xvi 

Council  Fire  Prayer  xvi 

Enlisting x 

First  Aid XV 

Gardens,  Chickens,  Pigs xviii 

Hike xiii 

Home  Economy xiii 

Minute  Girl  Program ix 

Patriotic  Food  Honors  viii 

Prayer xii 

Salvaging  Crops xvii 

Save  Food vii 

Saving  Money xiv 

Saving  Labor ix 

Sing xvi 

Sleep XV 

Team  Work x 

Walk . xiii 

Woman's  Patriotic  Service  Uniform x-xii 


CHAPTER  I— IN  GENERAL  . 
Almost  Old  Enough  .... 
Five  Steps  Toward  Success  . 

Hand  Sign 

Historical  Sketch  of  Camp  Fire  Girls 

Honors 

How  to  Organize 

Manual 

Meetings 

Motion  Songs 

Organization 

Ranks  and  Symbols  .... 

Self-Support 

Supplies 

Symbolism 

Symbols  of  the  Organization  . 
Wohelo 


PAGES 

• 3-1 1 
8 

6 

9 

5 

7 

8 

5 

7 

4 

5 
4 

: I 


152 


Index 


153 


PAGES 

CHAPTER  II— THE  LAW 12-18 

Law 12 

Be  Happy,  Five  Talks 18 

Be  Trustworthy 15 

Give  Service,  Six  Talks  13 

Glorify  Work,  Four  Talks 17 

Hold  on  to  Health,  Three  Talks 16 

Pursue  Knowledge,  Three  Talks 14 

Seek  Beauty 12 


PAGES 

CHAPTER  III— MEMBERSHIP  AND  RANK  . . . 20-29 


Application  for  Membership 20 

Fire  Maker's  Desire 23 

Membership  Transferable 20 

Required  Honors  for  Rank  of  Fire  Maker 24 

To  Become  a Fire  Maker 22 

To  Become  a Torch  Bearer 27 

To  Become  a Wood  Gatherer  20 

Torch  Bearer's  Desire  26 

Wood  Gatherer's  Desire 21 

PAGES 

CHAPTER  IV— HONORS 30-52 

Big  Honors 31 

Business  Honors  47“48 

Camp  Craft 37~44 

Elective  Honors 3i~32 

Hand  Craft 44“46 

Health  Craft  36-37 

Home  Craft  33“36 

Honor  Certificate  Blanks 32 

Honors  Pictured  38-43 

Local  Honors 32 

National  Honors So-52 

Nature  Lore 46-47 

Patriotism 48-50 

Standards 30 


PAGES 


CHAPTER  V— PROGRAMS,  GAMES,  AND  ENTERTAIN- 
MENTS   

Business  Meetings 

Games 

Dodge  Ball 


53-67 

59 

62 

64 


154 


Index 


PAGES 

Impromptu  “stunts” 65 

Indoor  Games  65 

Keep  Ball  65 

Scout  Game 63 

Volley  Ball 63 

General  Suggestions 55 

How  to  Give  a Successful  Entertainment 66 

Outlined  Programs  53”55 

Suggestions  for  a Weekly  Meeting  Devoted  to  Craft  Work  55 

Suggestions  for  Crafts  56 

Suggestions  for  Minute  Girl  Program 59 

What  to  do  at  Mothers  Meeting 58 


PAGES 

CHAPTER  VI— COUNCIL  FIRE 68-82 

Awarding  of  Honors  72 

Count  71 

Camp  Fire  Talk 75 

Candle  Lighting  Ceremony  70 

Council  Fire 68 

Fire  Lighting  Ceremony 71 

Grand  Council  Fires 77 

Initiation  of  Fire  Maker 74 

Initiation  of  Torch  Bearer 75 

Initiation  of  Wood  Gatherer 73 

Lighting  of  the  Fire  70 

Ode  to  Fire 71 

Preparation 68 

Receiving  New  Members 

Roll  Call 71 

Singing  of  Songs  76 

Suggestion  for  a Council  Fire 7^ 


PAGES 

CHAPTER  VII— FIRE  LORE 83-88 

Camp  Fire  Girl’s  Dream 87 

Different  Kinds  of  Fire  83-85 

Making  Fire 85-86 

Putting  Out  Fires 87 

PAGES 

CHAPTER  VIII— OUTDOOR  COOKING 89-98 

Building  the  Fire 89 

Cleaning  Up 90 

Fire  Control 9^ 


Index 


155 


PAGES 

Fire  Suggestions  90 

Kinds  of  Fires 91-94 

Menus 94-98 

Safety  First 91 

PAGE  S 

CHAPTER  IX— CAMPING  AND  HIKING  ....  99-105 

Beds  in  the  Woods 103 

Carrying  Equipment 100 

Clothing 99 

Deep  Breathing 100 

Eating  and  Drinking loi 

Necessary  Equipment 104 

Outfit 100 

Useful  Hints  to  Remember loi 

Rules  for  Training loi 

Sleeping  in  the  Open  103 

Suggestions  for  Climbing 102 

Where  to  Walk 102 

PAGES 

CHAPTER  X— GUARDIANS,  THEIR  RELATION  TO  THE 

ORGANIZATION . 106-116 

Absent  Members in 

Communications  from  Guardians 107 

Dues 107 

Fees  106 

Guardians’  Associations 113 

Honorary  Members in 

Members  in  Spirit in 

Meetings  and  Suggestions 114 

Old  Plan  Camp  Fires in 

On  Being  a Guardian 115 

Reinstatement  of  Guardians 112 

Resignation  of  Guardians 112 

Rings  108 

Sumnier  Camp  Fires 112 

Supplies 108 

Temporary  Guardians in 

Transferred  Membership no 

Two  Active  Camp  Fires  with  One  Guardian  . . . . . . 109 

PAGE 

CHAPTER  XI— FINANCES 117-121 

Camp  Fire  Outfitting  Company 120 


Index 


156 

PAGES 

Self-Support 117--119 

Why  Pay  Dues 1 19 

PAGES 

CHAPTER  XII— CAMP  FIRE  AND  THE  CHURCH  . 122-124 

PAGES 

CHAPTER  XIII— NAMES,  SYMBOLS,  AND  HEAD- 

BANDS  125-135 

Choosing  a Name 134 

Descriptions  of  Symbols 127-134 

Making  Headbands 125 

PAGES 

CHAPTER  XIV— THE  CEREMONIAL  GOWN  . . . 137-138 

Exceptional  Uses  of  Gown  138 

When  the  Gown  Should  be  Worn 137 

PAGES 

CHAPTER  XV— THE  COUNT,  OR  RECORD  BOOK  . 141-143 

The  Count 139 

The  Year 140 

-j  ' 

WOHELO  CHEER 144 

SONGS 14s 

SYMBOLS  OF  THE  ORGANIZATION  ......  19 

BIBLIOGRAPHY ,146 


THE  OFnCIAL  EQUIPMENT 

Ceremonial  Outfit 

Full  details  alDout  the  leather-trimmed 
ceremonial  gown,  moccasins,  hloomers,  ho- 
siery, Camp  Fire  Girls  jewelry  indicating 
rank,  honor  heads,  and  other  articles  of 
interest,  may  he  found  in  the  free  cata- 
logue issued  hy  the  Camp  Fire  Outfitting 
Company.  It  will  he  sent  to  you  immedi- 
ately upon  request. 

Minute  Girls  Outfit 

The  new  official  outfit  of  the  Minute 
Girls  in  all  girls'  and  women's  sizes  up 
to  44,  may  he  had  from  the  Camp  Fire  Out- 
fitting Company  at  very  moderate  prices. 

Blue  Birds  Outfit 

Pull  information  alDOut  the  handsome  and 
unique  Blue  Birds  gowns,  the  ”honor 
feathers’*  in  three  colors,  the  wings,  the 
cap,  bloomers,  and  other  articles  may  also 
be  found  in  the  Camp  Pire  Outfitting  Com- 
pany catalogue. 

THE  CAMP  FIRE  OUTFITTING  COMPANY  IS  THE 
OFFICIAL  OUTFITTER  OF  THE  CAMP  FIRE  GIRLS, 
AND  THE  APPROVED  GARMENTS  CAN  BE  OBTAINED 
ONLY  THROUGH  THIS  ORGANIZATION. 

IN  ADDITION,  THE  CAMP  FIRE  GIRLS  DERIVE 
FROM  ALL  SUCH  SALES  5%,  WHICH  GOES  TOWARD 
THE  SUPPORT  OF  THE  NATIONAL  HEADQUARTERS. 

THE  CAMP  HRE  OUTFiniNG  CO. 

NEW  YORK  CITY 


THE  COUNTRY  LIFE  PRESS 
GARDEN  CITY,  N.  Y, 


